1 1562-1057 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science 764 Physical Oceanography Finite Element Modeling of Upheaval Buckling of Buried Submarine Pipelines Vaghefi Mohammad Keshavarzi Marjan 1 7 2015 6 22 1 9 28 09 2015 A pipeline containing hot hydrocarbons will expand longitudinally on account of the rise in temperature or frictional effects over a kilometer or so of pipeline and compressive axial stress will be set up in the pipe-wall. Such compressive forces can lead to either lateral buckling in the plane of the seabed or buckling in a vertical plane. Upheaval buckling generally occurs in trenched and buried pipelines, because it is easier for the pipeline to move upwards, against the weight and resistance of the overlying backfill material, than it is for the line to move sideways, against the passive resistance of the undisturbed soil on either side of the trench. In this study, the vertical buckling of buried Submarine pipelines under the influence of temperature and internal pressure are discussed. To ensure the accuracy of modeling, the finite element model of the vertical buckling of the pipe, using ABAQUS software, is modeled then results are compared with the results of Wang et al. (2011) The model based on ALA code by ABAQUS software is presented and then the influence of the initial imperfection on vertical buckling are evaluated. The results indicating the safety temperature in the model with initial imperfection equals 0.02 m has increased respectively 3.79%, 8.1% and 15.99% compared to the models with initial imperfection equal 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 m.
765 Marine Biology Effect of Various Levels of Dietary Protein on Bioenergetics’ Parameters of Snow Trout (Shizothorax zarudnyi) Juveniles Khammar Rahimeh Gharae Ahmad Ghaffari Mostafa Rahdari Abdolali 1 7 2015 6 22 11 18 26 09 2015 26 09 2015 The study investigates the effect of dietary proteins on growth of Snow trout juveniles (Shizothorax zarudnyi) fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight±SD, 13.44±1.97g) were fed for eight weeks four isolipid and isoenergetic experimental diets (7.57±0.35% crude lipid, 3.18±0.14 kcal.g-1 dry matter, respectively) containing 25, 30, 35 or 40% crude proteins. The results showed growth rate of fish fed with 25% protein diet was higher than that of fish fed with 30, 35 and 40% protein diets, but differences were not significant (P>0.05). Proximate analysis indicated that the lipid, protein and ash components of whole body were affected by the diets (P0.05). The study showed that a dietary protein level of 25 % was optimal for the species for proper growth and feed conversion. 766 Coastal Engineering, Ports and Marine strucrures Three Dimensional Modeling of Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Gulf of Oman Shelf Region Khalilabadi Mohammad Reza Sadrinasab Masoud Chegini Vahid Akbarinasab Mohammad 1 7 2015 6 22 19 28 26 09 2015 26 09 2015 The occurrence of nonlinear internal waves in the Gulf of Oman had been proved from recording Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and processing of their signatures. Most of these internal wave packets were observed in the Gulf of Oman shelf region at the east of Musandam Peninsula. In this study, the formation of nonlinear internal waves from the internal tide has been simulated using three dimensional, non-hydrostatic and fully nonlinear MITgcm model. The model results showed the formation of non-linear internal solitary wave packets at the Gulf of Oman shelf region. The numerical results of this study have been compared with SAR observations and published literatures which showed that the present work at some parameters (e. g. internal wave packet separation and the number of internal solitary waves in the packets) is closer to the radar observations rather than previous published literatures. 767 Marine Biology Ecobiological Study of Intertidal Rocky–Sandy Ecosystems in Ouli (Dayyer, Persian Gulf) Khaksar Fatemeh Savari Ahmad Safaeian Shila Arebi Iman Abedi Ehsan Mahdavi Mahdieh 1 7 2015 6 22 29 37 27 09 2015 In order to assess the ecological status of intertidal ecosystems in intertidal area of Ouli (Dayyer, Persian Gulf) sediment samples, and epifaunal organisms were collected. Total organic matter, grain size analysis and identification of infaunal macroinvertebrates were important measurement parameters. Sampling was performed during three seasons of warm (summer 2009), moderate (autumn 2009) and cold (winter 2009-10) from three tidal levels including high, mid and low tide of Harbor, Residential and Methanol transects. Environmental variables (e.g. temperature, salinity and pH) were simultaneously recorded. In the laboratory, Rose Bengal vital staining, dry sieving and burning methods were applied for identification of macrofauna. Grain size analysis and TOM were calculated. Ecological indices including species diversity, dominance, richness and evenness in two size levels of infauna and epifauna were also measured. The highest Shanon index was 1.092 during summer season. Temperature and salinity didn’t show any significant seasonal differences (P<0.05) in each station. Moreover, pH average (8.05) did not differ significantly. One of the most important variables influencing the ecological characteristics especially the infaunal assemblages of the study area was grain size. The highest abundance of benthic infauna was 54±4/9 Ind.m2 in Residential station and the lowest 22±2/3 Ind.m2 in Methano station. The present study revealed 16 animal taxa in Ouli area of the Persian Gulf . 768 Crisis, Disasters and maritime accidents Management Internal and Environmental Analysis of Bushehr Port by AHP-SWOT Integration Approach Jamali Gholamreza 1 7 2015 6 22 39 48 27 09 2015 The main purpose of this paper is to analyze internal and external environments of Bushehr port using AHP-SWOT integration approach. First, we identified and classified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Then, paired comparisons matrices for indices and groups were completed using views of six port experts. Finally, each index and group importance/weight calculated by AHP technique. The results showed weakness group with the weight of 0.4, threat group with the weight of 0.322, strength group with weight of 0.153 and opportunity group with the weight of 0.123 had the first to fourth ranks, respectively. However, the most important sub-criterion was the lack of dock and barnyard in the weakness group. 769 Scientometric and Historiographical Maps of Scientific Products of Iranian Marine Researchers on Caspian Sea Basin in "Web of Science" During 1992-2013 Dalvand Masoumeh Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani Hamid پژوهشگاه ملی اقیانوسشناسی وعلوم جوی 1 7 2015 6 22 49 57 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 To visualize the structure of Iranian marine scientific outputs related to the Caspian Sea basin in the Web of Science (WOS) during 1992-2013, we used scientometric techniques and HistCite software. With keyword search "Caspian Sea" in database, 323 scientific documents were recognized, and the most important authors and institutions, the co-authorship factor, the rate of marine scientific researches related to the Caspian Sea, format and language of these production, and historiographical map were determined and depicted. The findings indicated that the growth rate of marine scientific productions was %51. These resulted documents were published by 156 journals in 6 different formats. The relevant articles were written mostly in English language by 819 authors who were affiliated to 293 organizations. Most documents on Iranian marine scientific products were published by Iranian Journal of Fisheries Scinces during the study period. The results indicated that the growth of scientific production on the Caspian basin had increased from one title in 1992 to 40 titles in 2013. Moreover, collaboration coefficient 0/68 demonstrated existence of an appropriate level of collaboration among Iranian authors. The results of the mapping showed a total of 6 clusters that were formed based on the TLCS and 5 clusters based on TGCS. The most significant subject areas turned up to be marine invasive species, marine pollutants especially heavy metals in water, sediment and marine livings. 770 Effects of Hypoxia, Normoxia and Hyperoxia on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Two Weight Classes in Farmed Great Sturgeon (Huso huso) Bagherzadeh Lakani Forouzan Sattari Masoud Kazemi Rezvanollah Yazdani Sadati Mohammad Ali Pourdehghani Mohammad Ashouri Ghasem 1 7 2015 6 22 59 68 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 Sturgeons are of commercially important fish species in the Caspian Sea, but there are few reports about their oxygen requirements. In the present study, the effect of different oxygen levels on hematological parameters were examined in two weight classes of great sturgeon Huso huso including small size (average initial weight 280.9 ± 49.2 g) and large size (average initial weight 1217.9 ± 138.1 g). Oxygen treatments including Hypoxia (2-3 mg/l), Normoxia (5-6 mg/l) and Hyperoxia (9-10 mg/l) were set up with managing inflowing water and using system equipped with oxygen enriching for Hyperoxygenation (pure oxygen injected). Fish were acclimated to experimental tanks for one week and then randomly were transferred to 9 tanks for each class (3 fish per tank in higher weight class and 6 fish per tank for lower one) and were kept for 8 weeks. HCT and MCHC at lower weight class and RBC, MCV and Neutrophil at higher weight class were significantly different between treatments. 771 The Effect of Seasonal Variations on Diversity and Dominance of Intertidal Polychaeta of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province) Baghernezhad Najmeh Salari-Aliabadi, Mohammad Ali Ronagh Mohammad Ali Vazirizadeh Amir 1 7 2015 6 22 69 75 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 The aim of this study was to identify and assess the diversity and dominance index of polychaete in the rocky intertidal area of the Bushehr province in 3 stations include Bushehr, Dayer and cape of Nayband. Sampling was carried out in four seasons during 2011-2011 along one transect perpendicular by the quadrate 0.5×0.5 square meters at low tide zone. At each station, one transect deployed perpendicular to the shore. Samples were collected on each transect from low tide level up to the high tide area. Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and pH were measured in each station. Our results indicated the highest and lowest temperatures in the summer (33.9°C) and winter (19.26°C) and the highest and lowest salinities were recorded in the summer (43.15 ppt) and autumn (40.62 ppt). There were no significant changes in acidity in all seasons. In this study, 16 families of polychaetes were identified. Among them species Spirobranchus kraussii had the highest frequency during the study years. The highest and lowest diversity was observed in the summer and autumn, respectively 772 Comparative Morphology of Radula in Two Cone Shells Conus textile and C. coronatus (Conidae) Eisapour Mina Syfabady Seyed Jafar Behnam Daghooghi 1 7 2015 6 22 77 82 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 Radula as the main feeding organ in gastropods is not only a main organ for feeding but also is important in classification and phylogenetic studies. In this research, radula morphology of the two cone shell species, viz. Conus textile and C. coronatus from the Qeshm Island were compared. After preparation, the Radula samples were photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The radula type was toxoglossan in two species, like all species in the family Conidae. However, intraspecific differences were observed between the two species. Radula structure can be a valuable tool in species identification in cases of ambiguity in other characteristics. 773 Seasonal Variability in Stability and Stratification of Water Column in the Southern Caspian Deep Sea Jamshidi Siamak 1 7 2015 6 22 83 95 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 In the study, seasonal variability in stability and stratification of water column in the southern Caspian Sea were assessed. The results showed that the most variations were occurred during upper 100 m layer. A seasonal thermocline was detected between 20 and 50 m depth in summer at a temperature gradient of 16°C. Maximum vertical gradient of temperature was 0.4815 C/m between 28-45 m depths in November and the minimum value was 0.05 C/m from surface to 25 m depth in March. For the same time and location, the maximum vertical gradient of density was 0.1218 per meter and its minimum was around 0.009 per meter. The vertical salinity gradient with amounts of 0.0138 in August and 0.0215/m in November were observed. The vertical variations in density agree with variations of temperature in water column, and a pycnocline was observed at the location of the thermocline. The maximum stability was calculated about 1.462×10-2 s-2 for thermocline layer in April and the minimum was around 4.163× 10-8 s-2 in deep water area in March. 774 Study of Some Heavy Metal Pollutions in the Hormuz Islands Coastal Sediments and Their Origin Gholam Dokht Bandari Mahdi Rezaie Peiman 1 7 2015 6 22 97 106 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 Distribution study of heavy metals in different sediments is an important and new method in environmental sedimentology. And the environmental pollutions which are made by them are very important. For identification of environmental pollutions from heavy metals in coastal sediments of Hormuz Island, 9 samples from these sediments examined by XRF methods. The results showed that (SD/SE) of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, V and Cr were14/44, 27/77, 6/44, 37/11, 12/44, 31/33 and 163/88 (measured in ppm) in sediments, respectively. The calculation results of the Molar index (Igeo), enriched factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), contamination factor (Cd), and the degree of contamination correction (mCd) and comparison of the amount of the elements to the average value of shale showed that the shoreline of Hormuz Island is not contaminated by nickel, zinc and copper, while there was pollution by lead, arsenic and chromium. The correlation coefficient and cluster analysis showed that the origin of these elements are erosion of existence rocks and human activities. 775 Spatial and Temporal Concentration of Anionic Surfactant of Water in the Southern Caspian Sea Soleimani Roudi Abdollah Nasrollahzade Saravi Hasan Afraei Mohammad Ali Younesipour Hourieh 1 7 2015 6 22 107 114 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 This study was conducted to determine spatial and temporal concentration of anionic surfactant (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate=LAS) of water in the southern Caspian Sea. Surface water samples were collected from eight transects namely Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, and Torkman in the southern Caspian Sea during four seasons (May, August, November and March) in 2010 - 2011. Three stations were selected at 10, 50 and 100 meter depths in each transect. LAS level was measured using Sublation - methylene blue method. Results showed that annual mean of LAS concentration, with the standard error was 0.210 (±0.012) mg/l. Maximum and minimum LAS concentration were observed 0.165 (±0.010) and 0.226 (±0.031) mg/l at Astara and Tonekabon transects, respectively. Mean of LAS increased from spring (0.153(±0.014) mg/l) to winter (0.294(±0.036) mg/l) (P<0.05). According to the Spearman correlation test, the water temperature has a negative linear relationship with LAS (P<0.05), and this result was consistent with the increasing concentration of LAS in the winter. In addition, LAS concentration was increased compared to previous studies (2000, 2008 and 2009). 776 Evaluation of Changes in Erythropoietin Hormone Levels and Renal Pathological Lesion in Epaulet Grouper (Epinephelus stoliczkae) in Response to Chromium Sadeghi Parvin Kazerouni Faranak Savari Ahmad Movahedinia Abdolali Safahieh Alireza Ajdari Daniel 1 7 2015 6 22 115 127 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 Biochemical, physiological and histological responses are used for contaminants detection in the environment. In this study, changes of erythropoietin and renal lesions of Epinephelus stoliczkae were investigated under chromium exposure in vitro. Epinephelus stoliczkae were exposed under three different concentrations of chromium (3.6 7.31 and 14.6 mg/L) for 21 days and blood and kidney tissue samples were taken in days 0.5, 1, 7, 14 and 21. Two Phases of increase and decrease in erythropoietin levels were recorded in experimental samples compared with the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences for chromium accumulation in kidney at all times compared with control group (P<0.05). Various histopathological lesions were observed in the kidney and significant differences were recorded in histopathological alternation index at all times in three different concentrations of chromium (P<0.05). 777 Marine Biology Diversity and Distribution of Macrobenthoses of the Nearshore Coastal Zone of Bahrekan (Persian Gulf) Nabavi Seyyedeh Narges Pazuki Jamileh Nabavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher 1 7 2015 6 22 129 136 27 09 2015 27 09 2015 During summer and winter 2014, forty sediment samples were taken from Bahrekan Bay region using VanVeen grab (0.025 m2 area). According to the results, 59 species and 52 Genus were identified. There were a positive correlation between %TOM, %Silt and Clay fractions and macrofaunal assemblages. The dominant species in all studied stations were Cerithium sp., Cerithidea cingulata, Pseudonoba sp.2, Tornatina persiana and Paraprionospio pinnata. Grain size analysis showed that the substrate of study area was muddy. The highest %TOM ranged from 6±0.15 to 20.76±0.33 in winter. The results showed that the positive correlation between %TOM and %Silt and Clay were r=0.79 in the summer and r=0.48 in the winter. The highest and lowest number of individuals of macrofauna were counted in summer (2038 ind. / 0.025 m2) and winter (1722 ind. / 0.025 m2) respectively. During this study, Bivalves were the dominant group (%39.14) followed by Gastropoda (%38.47), Polychaeta (%19.23), Crustacea (%2.92), Scaphopoda (%0.17), Echinodermata (%0.07) and Soft Corals (%0.04). The comparison of H;prime values with Welch model showed that study area is in the moderate level of this model with low species diversity.