1 1562-1057 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science 326 Efficiency Analysis of Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression Methods for Tides Prediction Zounemat-Kermani Mohammad Bay Yarmohammad 1 4 2013 4 13 1 10 03 07 2013 18 10 2016 Prediction of tides has been received a great attention from decades ago since its importance in admiralship, navigation, port designing and other related issues. The goal of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of predictive models based on Multiple Liner Regression (MLR) and feed-froward Artidicial Neural Networks (ANNs) using 3 learning algorithms of Gradient Descent (GD), Conjugate Gradient (CG) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). For this purpose, hourly observed data of Chabahar bay station in the Gulf of Oman and Kish Island and Imam-Khomeini port stations in the Persian Gulf were used. In the current study, the partial auto-correlation was used to determine the appropriate lag of input data. The results of models according to the criteria of RMSE and MAPE indicated that the ANN-LM has the highest accuracy in predicting tides in the 3 stations. This algorithm improved the prediction accuracy about 22%, 4% and 2% compared to MLR, GD and CG models. Finally, the residual analysis revealed the over-predictive behavior of ANNs in Kish Island and Imam Port stations while their under-predictive tendency in Chabahar Bay.
327 Classification of Water Masses in Chabahar Bay Using Clustering Method Vafaie Boshra Chegini Vahid Saghaie Abbas Ezam Mojtaba 1 4 2013 4 13 11 19 03 07 2013 05 07 2013 Nowadays, with the huge amount of data generated daily on oceanography parameters and development of marine data recording systems, new methods are required in order to process the available data in timely fashion. It is obvious that analysis of large data sets with the aim of distinguishing and interpreting patterns is not usually an easy task. When dealing with high volume processes, data mining is a practical method commonly considered by analysts to discover useful patterns among data sets effectively. Clustering is one of the popular data mining methods which are widely used in physical oceanography. In this research, a two-step algorithm is considered for clustering the stations in Chabahar Bay. A neural network is also used to investigate the influences of temperature and salinity on tempo-spatial distribution of Sigma-T. For this purpose, 11 networks are created in Clementine software (one for each month) and the results indicate an exception in November. The plotted contours in Surfer software confirm the data mining results. 328 Survey of Heavy Metals (Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn) Accumulation in Muscle, Liver, Kidney, Gill and Scales of Hipophthalmichthys molitrix of Sistan, s Chahnimeh 1 4 2013 4 13 21 28 03 07 2013 18 10 2016 Heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems accumulating in the tissues of aquatic biota will enter the human body through the food chain. Depending on the concentration and toxicityof absorbed heavy metals, the clinical effects are observed.The aim of this study was to surveymetals accumulation pattern including Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn in muscle, gill, scale, liver and kidney tissues of HipophthalmichthysmolitrixofSistanChahnimeh reservoirs. Also, theheavy metal concentrationin fish muscle was compared to food standards. After sampling, preparation of tissues and digestion with Nitric acid, the concentration of each element was measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer Konik model Novaa 300 in µg/g d.w. The pattern of essential metals accumulation (Zn and Cu) was measured in liver and gills and of nonessential metals like Ni was found in liver and kidney. The high accumulation of Cu was obtained in liver (63.42 µg.g), Zn in gills (74.40 µg.g), Ni in kidney (0.41 µg.g) and Pb in liver (0.19 µg.g). Due to the needs of aquatic organism to the above mentioned heavy metals for metabolism activities, the high accumulations of essential metals (Cu and Zn) are in liver and gills. The Ni had high level in kidney due to the disposal mechanism of this element form fish body. The pattern of nonessential metals accumulation in kidney and liver tissues was similar to scales.Therefore,the scale can be a useful bioindicator for the accumulated metalsin aquatic organisms.The concentration of metals in muscle was lower than the standards and therefore, is not dangerous for fish consumers. 329 Effect of Different Dietary Protein Concentrationon Hematological Parameters of Fingerling Sparidentex hasta Nicknam Shiri Azam Abdi Rahim Salati Amir Parviz Movahedinia AbdolAli Marammazi Jasem 1 4 2013 4 13 29 35 04 07 2013 18 10 2016 Sparidentexhasta is a beneficial and economical fish in the Persian Gulf that these years much attention has been paid to and is a good candidate for marine aquaculture in coastal zones of Iran. Optimal levels of dietary components ensure optimum growth and health of fish. In this paper, feeding the Sparidentexhasta with different levels of protein and amino acidwas carried out in order to investigate their effects on hematological parameters. After adaptation in 2 weeks by a lipid-free diet, the fish of (30 to 35gr) were fed for 8 weeks by experimental diets in 300 L tanks (n=36). The fish were fed two times a day at 10:00 am and 17 pm with 4 proteinlevels (45%, 50%, 55% and 60%) that was repeated 3 times in 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples were taken by heparinized syringes. Then RBC and WBC were counted. Hematocrit, Hemoglobin and blood indices showed no significant difference in different groups. The results of hematological parameters showed that the used diet was in optimal condition for culturing Sparidentexhasta. 330 The Effect of Different Levels of Prebiotic Immunowall on the Growth Indices and Carcass Composition in FarmedGreat Sturgeon Juveniles (Huso huso) Taati Reza Tatina Mostafa Bahmani Mahmoud Soltani Mehdi 1 4 2013 4 13 37 44 04 07 2013 18 10 2016 This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Immunowall (IW) on the growth indices and carcass composition infarmed great sturgeon juveniles (Husohuso) for 8 weeks.After one month acclimatization period to rearing conditions and basal diet, 270 farmed great sturgeon juveniles weighing 95.30 ± 8.99 g were distributed into nine 2000-L fiberglass tanks in three treatments (Control, IW 1% and IW 3%) in three replicates (completely randomized design) and kept at a density of 30 fish per tank. At the end of 8th week, final weight, final length, body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), average daily growth (ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and condition factor (CF) in fish fed on IW in levels 1% and 3% showed significant differences compared with the control (P<0.05). Crude protein of carcass in fish fed on IW at 3% showed a significant increase in comparison with the control (P<0.05). The results showed that Immunowall at level of 3% can influence enhancement of growth performance and feed efficiency in farmed great sturgeon juveniles. 331 Comparison of Symbiotic Algae Densities in Coral Comparison of Symbiotic Algae Densities in Coral Bolouki Mehdi Savari Ahmad Nabavi Mohammad Bagher Rounagh Mohammad Taghi Daneshmand Ali 1 4 2013 4 13 45 51 04 07 2013 18 10 2016 Coral reefs function in a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Continuous release of anthropogenic pollutants, mainly into the aquatic environments, and the resulting global climate change threatens coral health by endangering this symbiotic relationship. The object of this study is to measure the zooxanthellae density in Poritescompressa to estimate health of coral reefs in the Northern part of Nay Band Bay in the vicinity of the South Pars Petrochemical facilities and southern part of Nay Band Bay farther away from these industrials. Corals in the north of Nay Band Bay showed more signs of degradation. The highest mean zooxanthellae density was 3607849±229894 N/cm2 in south of Nay Band Bay in February. Mean zooxanthellae density was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the south of Nay Bad Bay in February than other months, indicating healthier corals at this region. 332 Identification and Survey of Bivalvia and Gastropoda in Bandar Abbas Coastal Waters (Persian Gulf) Kamrani Ehsan Behzadi Siyamak Hashemipour Fariborz 1 4 2013 4 13 53 60 04 07 2013 05 07 2013 This study was carried out to identify the abundance of bivalves and gastropods communities seasonally from winter 2009 to autumn 2010 in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. For this purpose, Bandar Abbas coastal waters were divided to 5 transects. Random sampling and 0.04-m2 Peterson grab were used for samples collection. We collected 9 samples at 3 stations along each transects. Based on the records from all samples, 19 families were identified that among them 8 families belonged to bivalves and 11 families belonged to gastropods. The results of variance Analysis (Tukey test) showed significant difference in abundance of gastropods and bivalves in St1 and St2 with other stations )p0.05) (95% confidence interval). Also, abundance of families in summer 2010 were different from other seasons ) p<0.05, 95% confidence interval). Maximum and minimum content of silt (autumn and summer of 2010 with 50.68 and 43.2 % respectively), of clay (winter 2009 and autumn of 2010 with 11.38 and 9.64 % respectively) and of sand (spring 2010 and winter of 2009 with 40.34 and 39.56% respectively) were calculated. Also, Maximum of Shanon index for bivalves and gastropods were determined in the spring of 2010 (St 2, 0.99), and in the summer of 2010 (St5, 0.61), respectively. 335 The Consequences of the Legal Regime of Marine Scientific Research on Marine Sciences in the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea Madani Zia E. 1 4 2013 4 13 61 72 05 07 2013 18 10 2016 This Article intends to explore the existing legal literature on marine scientific research, derived from resources of international law of the sea, in order to study the concept and framework therein to find out what consequences the Legal Regime of Marine Scientific Research has so far had on Marine Sciences since the adoption of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea and particularly part XIII of the said Convention. The significance of this task is that Part XIII of the UNCLOS clearly precludes other marine research activities from Marine Scientific Research and places them under different legal regimes. More or less identical qualities, tools and processes in most of these research activities led into difficulties in distinction one from another. Furthermore, the most significant outcome of this thesis is to determine the distinct legal effects upon which such concept and framework of marine research, particularly “marine scientific research”, would have on rights and obligations of (coastal and research) states.Parts XIII of UNCLOS provides for the co-operation among States, either directly or through competent international organizations, in the field of marine scientific research. 333 RelativeEfficiency Appraisalof Iranian Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Technique Kiani Moghadam Mansoor Jafarzadeh Kenari Mehdi Bakhshi zadeh Alireza 1 4 2013 4 13 73 83 04 07 2013 18 10 2016 The purpose of present study is to compare the relative efficiency of Iranian ports and identify the efficient ports in 2009 to 2011. Applied-analytical method was used and statistical population includes important Iranian ports. Data are gathered from Port and Maritime Organization of Iran. Data include the years 2009, 2010 and March to November 2011. CCR model is used to determine the efficiency ratio of ports and to distinguish efficient and inefficient ports. For the units that are identified as efficient by CCR model, Anderson–Pearson (AP) was used. For analyzing data, LINGO and SPSS software was used. Findings showed that in 2009, 36%, in 2010, 27% and in 2011, 27% of main Iranian ports have been efficient. In 2009 and 2010, Bahonar and in 2011, Rajaei ports were recognized as the most efficient Iranian ports. Finally, virtual ports were introduced as a pattern for inefficient ports. Inefficient ports will achieve efficiency if they can be promoted to achieve the conditions of their similar virtual ports. 334 Estimating the Physical, Real and Permissible Carrying Capacity of Recreational Boating for Mangrove Forests of Hara-e Rode Gaz International Wetland Parvaresh Hossein Parvaresh Elyas Parvaresh Zeinab 1 4 2013 4 13 85 92 04 07 2013 18 10 2016 In this study, the physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity and permissible carrying capacity of recreational boating for mangrove forests of Hara-eRode Gaz international wetland has been estimated. This area has a unique mangrove ecosystem. Unfortunately, an increasing number of visitors to the protected areas, apart from economic benefits, have created many problems and environmental damages, so the need for effective management of tourism in protected areas will be felt more than ever. One of the best solutions for preventing and reducing problems in protected areas is estimating the carrying capacity. In this paper, the carrying capacity of recreational boating for Mangrove forests of Hara-e Rode Gaz international wetland has been estimated. For estimating the physical carrying capacity (PCC(, the wetland area and the required area for eachboat was used and physical carrying capacity was estimated using existing formula. For estimating the real carrying capacity (RCC), the corrective factors (Cf) include very hot days, stormy and rainy days and season of birds breeding have been applied to the PCC. Finally, for estimating the permissible carrying capacity, Infrastructure Capacity and management capacity were estimated and applied to the RCC. Results showed that the physical carrying capacity is 380 boat/day, real carrying capacity is 166 boat/day and Effective or Permissible Carrying Capacity is 41 boat/day.