1 1562-1057 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science 235 Identification of Iranian Subtidal Portunid Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) of the Oman Sea with First Record of 5 Species Ghotbeddin Negar Fatemi Reza Valinassab Tooraj 1 10 2012 3 11 1 12 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 In this study, Portunid crabs of Sistan and Baluchistan were identified. Sampling was carried out at 7 stations in subtidal zones of Sistan and Baluchistan coast (North of the Gulf of Oman) in summer 2009 and fall 2010 by trawl net. The samples were fixed in alcohol 70% and shipped to laboratory for identification. In this study, all of 9 species belonged to Portunid family included: Charybdis (charybdis) helleri, Charybdis (charybdis) feriata, Charybdis (charybdis) mile, Charybdis (Goniobellenus) hoplites, Charybdis (Goniobellenus) smithii, Thalamita crenata, Portunus segnis, Portunus sanguinolentus and Scylla serrata. The 5 species Charybdis (Charybdis) helleri, Charybdis (Charybdis) mile, Charybdis (Goniobellenus) smithii, Thalamita crenata, and Scylla serrata are reported for first time from the Iranian side of the Gulf of Oman. The species name of Portunus pelagis Linnaeus, 1758 has changed to Portunus segnis Forskål, 1775.
236 Biomass Determination of Corals in Artificial Reefs in Northwest of the Persian Gulf (Bahrekan) Heidari Fariba Savari Ahmad Dehghan Madiseh Simin Nabavi Mohamad Bagher 1 10 2012 3 11 13 20 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 This study was carried out in order to biomass determination of stony and soft corals in 7 and 6 year old artificial substrate in Bahrekan coastal water in Northwest of the Persian Gulf. Seasonal sampling from 4 stations was done by SCUBA diving from May 2009 to February 2010. The samples were randomly obtained by using quadrates of 0.25×0.25 m. Determination of wet weight showed that these artificial reefs were strongly dominated by soft corals. Moreover, total biomass of cnidarians did not shown any significant differences for the sampling months (P<0.05). Biomass of soft corals shows that this substratum provide optimum conditions required for successful colonization, which include spatial orientation, an adequate light regime and exposure to flow. 237 Plankton Assemblage Changed in Southern Offshore Bushehr Waters Rabbaniha Mahnaz Izadpanahi Gholamreza Mohsenizadeh Fatemeh Owfi Fereidoon 1 10 2012 3 11 21 31 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 Spatial and temporal variation of the plankton assemblages were analyzed by PCA with supplementary variables. Seasonal sampling was performed one year (2001). Samples were collected from offshore Bushehr waters. Phytoplankton was collected by Niksin bottle sampler, and zooplankton by plankton net (100 μm) at 10 selected stations. Temporal compositions of the plankton assemblages were found to be different with hydrological parameters. Dominant phytoplankton assemblage during the warm period were included Oscillatoria, Phormidium and Alexandrium, and zooplankton assemblage were included Nauplius, Harpacticoid and Bivalves. Dominant phytoplankton assemblage in cold condition included Pleurosigma, Thallassiothrix and Oscillatoria, while zooplankton were Nauplii and Cyclopoid. There was a significant difference between warm and cold season period in phytoplankton diversity whereas zooplankton diversity did not have significant differences. The result of PCA on Phytoplankton assemblage showed negative correlation with temperature and conductivity and positive with nutrient. Also, the most different situation was in layers of more than 50 m. Zooplankton assemblages were correlated with different parameters of different depth layers. This relation changed with different hydrological conditions. 238 The Study of Heavy Metals (Hg, Cd, Pb and Cu) Levels in Sediments of North-West of Persian Gulf - Imam Khomeini Port Azimi Ali Dadolahi Sohrab Ali Safahieh Alireza Zolgharnein Hosein Savari Ahmad Faghiri Iraj 1 10 2012 3 11 33 41 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 The port of Imam Khomeini is located in the north-west of the Persian Gulf where ships and vessels traffic and the existence of several industries especially petrochemical industries caused the influx of various organic and non-organic contaminants such as heavy metals into the ecosystem. Heavy metals are the major group of dangerous contaminants in marine environment. Due to their persistence, they may enter aquatic food chains and transfer from one trophic level to another. They may be harmful for human being which is placed at the top of the food chain. In this study, sediments were sampled from 5 stations including harbors of Petroshimi, Doc Sorsoreh, No.15, No. 28 and No. 33 in the port of Imam Khomeini during March 2010. The samples were freeze dried and acid digested in order to determine their heavy metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The ranges of Hg, Cd, Pb and Cu in sediments were 0.5 to 4.4, ND (≤0.5), 3.2 to 8.2 and 15.2 to 19.8μg/g of dry weight respectively. The highest contamination of Hg, Pb and Cu were measured in harbor of Petroshimi station while the lowest level of these metals was measured in harbor No. 28. Among all metals, concentration of Hg in sediments were more than standard limits. This can be dangerous for public health. Therefore, regular monitoring of heavy metals, especially mercury in this area is recommended. 240 Trend of Macronutrients Fluctuation of Waterin the Iranian Coasts of Southern Caspian Sea Nasrollahzadeh Saravi Hasan Pourgholam Reza Vahedi Fariba Makhlough Asieh Safavi Ebrahim 1 10 2012 3 11 43 53 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 This study was conducted to nutrient concentrations of water in the southern Caspian Sea waters during four seasons at 8 transects (Astra, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Bandar Turkman) during 2009-2010. 480 samples were collected at different layers of water and then analyzed based on standard methods. Annual concentration of inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4+, NO2-, NO3-) has a fairly wide variation. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 9-98, 0.2- 28.2 and 0.0-90.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Overall, results showed that DON was recorded lower than the previous study (2008), but NH4+, NO3- and DSi were higher than the previous sampling period. Inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and NO2- have not changed substantially. N/P ratio of Caspian Sea has a narrow range which order of magnificent lower than other seas. The results of the present study showed that Caspian ecosystem was nitrogen limitation (N/P20). 241 Determination the Origin of the Barium Element in the Sediments of Southern Shores of the Caspian Sea (Case Study: Larym and Farahabad Regions) Davoudi Azam Lak Razyeh Bahramabadi Behruz 1 10 2012 3 11 55 63 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 Barium is a chemical element which located in Group 2 of the periodic table. This study was performed with the aim of identifying its origin and its relationship with other elements in sediments due to the sudden increase in the concentration of this element in sediment samples taken from the south Caspian Sea in Sari Larym range. Granolometery analysis and ICP were performed and the results were analyzed using statistical parameters such as sorting, skewness, roundness, cluster analysis, correlation coefficient and factor analysis. Heterogeneity of the barium element with geogenic, biogenic elements and clay minerals indicated that the origin of this element can be anthropogenic. The findings suggest that the barium element has increased dramatically in the lagoon facies of studied area. This can be due to entering environmental contaminants of the Caspian Sea water to the lagoons and due to the alkaline conditions and high PH created by the photosynthesis of algae which leads to a favorable condition for preservation of this element. 242 Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution in the Gorgan Bay Bagheri Hossein Darvish Bastami Kazem Sharmad Taraneh Bagheri Zahra 1 10 2012 3 11 65 72 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 Geochemical studies of sediments, water bodies like rivers, estuaries and the sea bed, can be an effective step to find the source and distribution model assessment of environmental pollutants in a region. Sediments are the final destination of heavy metals in aqueous environments, but under the special situation, they can act as a source of water pollution. The presence of heavy metals in aqueous environments causes many risks such as cancer, toxication and etc in organisms. To study of the heavy metals concentration in Gorgan Bay in 15 stations, a core and several surface samples were taken. Fine-grain sediments were used to determine heavy metals concentration (Al, Sr, Ni, As, V, Fe, Co, Mn) applying inductivity coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ratio of metal concentration in surface sediments to the crust sediments of the study area (Enrichment factors) were calculated in all stations and the obtained results showed that this factor was at the range of 3-42 for different metals. Mapping of heavy metals distribution indicates that the input of heavy metals from the river mouth (Grganrud, Nekarud and Gharehsoo) probably is the most important reason for the high enrichment factors. Geochemical indexes (Igeo) for all heavy metals were also determined and only the Igeo for strontium were over the standard. 243 Survey of Heavy Metals Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn Accumulation in the Sediment and Different Tissues of Avicennia marina in Gulf of Gowater, Oman Sea Einollahi peer Fatemeh 1 10 2012 3 11 73 82 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 The sediment samples and Avicennia marina tissues including root, steam, leaf and flower were collected from Gulf of Gowater in summer 2010. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The accumulation pattern of heavy metals in the sediment was obtained Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd. This pattern for root, steam, Leaf and flower were determined Ni>Cu>Zn>Cd, Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd and Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd respectively. According to the BCF (Bioconcentration Factor) values, mangrove tissues can be used as a bioindicator for contamination of Cd. whereas root and steam can be used as bioindicators for contamination of copper in Gowater and root can be used for Ni monitoring in this area. Plant tissues are not useful tools as bioindicators to detect contamination of Zn in the area. High TF (Transition Factor) values for root indicate that the root has significant role for metal transferring from root to other the plant tissues. Different metal ratios between A. marina tissues and sediment can be related to the character of heavy metals to be essential or not for plant. 244 Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Bacterial Flora of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skin Salari-Joo Hamid Kalbassi Mohammad Reza Abdollahzadeh Esmail 1 10 2012 3 11 83 90 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 Silver Nanoparticles included 56 % of total manufactured Nanomaterials due to its anti-bacterial properties in the world. Therefore, the release of Silver Nanoparticles to water ecosystems will make an irreparable damage to biota, especially to natural bacterial flora. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Silver Nanoparticles effects on the bacterial flora of rainbow trout skin. To ensure the quality of the Silver Nanoparticles, the ICP, Zetasizer, TEM, EDX, and Uv-vis Spectrophotometer sets were used. Also, the population’s mesophilic bacteria, psychrophile, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of skin after 14 days kept of fish in 1, 0.1 and control group of Silver Nanoparticle concentrations were counted by pour plate method. Results of the study showed that the fish skin LAB bacteria decreased significantly with the increase of Silver Nanoparticle concentration and mesophile and Enterobacteriaceae were less affected. Whereas, population of fish skin psychrophile bacteria significantly increased with enhancing of Silver Nanoparticles concentration. Analysis of result suggested that according to the type of studied group of bacteria, an antibacterial property of Silver Nanoparticles is selective and different. 245 Areas of Interrelation between Marine Scientific Research and Marine Environmental Protection: An International Legal Approach Madani Zia E. 1 10 2012 3 11 91 99 11 12 2012 22 09 2013 Marine Scientific Research is a research process through which human beings obtain knowledge of the environment and find ways of how to protect and preserve thereof. Based on the said definition, this article argues that marine scientific research is closely interrelated with marine environmental protection. From the international law of the sea perspective, evaluation and analysis of the interrelation between the two concepts within the international legal instruments, namely and most importantly, 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea possesses an outstanding significance. Implementation of a marine scientific research should, on the one hand, respects and complies with the relevant international rules and regulations, namely international environmental law, and on the other, the very marine scientific research is basically and primarily implemented with the aim to enhance the human knowledge on a more effective protection of the (marine) environment.