1 1562-1057 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science 1 Study of Abundance and Diversity Change of Polychaete under Marine Fish Cage Culture in Ghazale Creek (Mussa Creek) Nabavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher Yavari Vahid Seyed Mortezaie Seyed Reza Dehghan Madise Simin Jahani Najme 1 4 2010 1 1 1 9 10 01 2012 23 10 2016 Since aquaculture activities are increasing and becoming more important, the evaluation of the effect of these activities on marine ecosystem seems to be necessary. The present study was carried out to investigate the changing abundance and diversity of Polychaetes under marine fish cage culture in Ghazale creek, in Khore-Mussa area in north west of Persian Gulf. Monthly sampling from 4 stations had been done from August to December 2007 (during five months). Stations were selected from under cages to 400 m distant (as control site) in Ghazale creek. At each station, 3 samples for Polychates studying and one sample for sediment grain size analysis and total organic matter (TOM) were collected by van veen grab with 0.0225 m2 area. The range of total organic matter (TOM) percentage in sediment was 6.11-23.26. The maximum and minimum TOM values were observed in the fares station (400 m distant) in August and November respectively. The range of silty-clay percentage was 4.76-97.47 and the minimum and the maximum values were observed in 50m and 150m distant station, in October and August respectively. The result of Polychaetes represented that Cirriformia sp. 18.93%, Cossura sp. 18.04%, Capitella sp. 17.42%, Nephthys sp. 5.85%, Sternaspis sp. 5.84% were dominance species between stations. The result of biotic indices showed higher diversity in 400 m distant station comparison with under cage station. Diversity and dominance index values were increased from under cage station (1.79H′ and 0.41λ) to 400 m distant station (2.11H′ and 0.16λ).
2 Survey on Natural Feeding of Commercial Juvenile Otolithes Ruber Fishes (Sciaenidae) in Khozestan Coastal Waters (Persian Gulf) Savari Ahmad Atabak Nasrin Ghafleh Maramazi Jasem Dehghan Madise Simin 1 4 2010 1 1 11 18 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 This survey was conducted to study diets and some feeding indices of dominant and commercial Juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters. A number of juvenile fish (Otolithes rubber) was captured in main fishing areas of Khuzestan province namely, the western side (Buseif-Lifeh) and eastern side (Bahrekan), north of the Persian Gulf. The individuals were sampled randomly using shrimp trawl net every month. From March 2006 to December 2007. The stomach contents of 82 individuals were analyzed out of which 23.2% were empty and 76.8% had food items. The results showed that Fish, Crustacane, Shrimp and Brachyuran are the main food sources for Juvenile Otolithes ruber. Ontogenetic differences were found in the diet composition and feeding activity. 3 Three Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Circulation in the Strait of Hormuz Sadri Nasab Masoud 1 4 2010 1 1 19 24 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 The Persian Gulf is one of the busiest waterways in the world. This area contains about 65% of the world’s oil reserves. This Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean via the Strait of Hormuz. Circulation of water in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz is vital for shipping line, fisheries and contaminant tracking. Since 1918, many studies have been done on the circulation of this area. Approximately one ship in every six minutes passes through the Strait of Hormuz (Alhajiri 1991). Due to arid climate, surface evaporation in the Persian Gulf is very high. To compensate the evaporation in the Persian Gulf, water is displaced from the Gulf of Oman. Its circulation is counterclockwise from the Strait of Hormuz to the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and discharging the saltier water to the Oman Gulf. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) has been employed to study the circulation of the Strait of Hormuz. This model is forced by climatologic monthly mean atmospheric forcing derived from 54 years of NOAA data. Tidal boundary forcing is included using the four major constituents: M2, S2, O1, and K1. Findings of the model contribute to an understanding of circulation patterns in the Strait of Hormuz as an aid to ship traffic and management of pollution spill events. The results of the model are in close agreement with the previous observations. 4 Interaction of Evaporation, Rain and Rivers Effects in Finite Volume Modeling of Horizontal Flow on Caspian Sea 3D Bed Sabbagh Yazdi Saeed Reza Momeni Ata 1 4 2010 1 1 25 32 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 NASIR software is used to solve conservative shallow water equations on three dimensional bed which is formed by an unstructured triangular mesh. In this work, the two dimensional triangular mesh is converted to a three dimensional surface by interpolting the bed elevation from an available contour map. This model consideres Coriolis force due to earth rotation as well as bed roughness and turbulent effects in the conservattive depth integrated horizontal momentum equations by asuming hydrostatic pressure distribution. The effects of evaporation and rain on the water surface as well as inflow from the seven major rivers at surrounding boundary points are considered via the source terms of the conservattive depth integrated continuity equation. In this paper, the effects of surrounding rivers on formation of hizontal circulations are investigated. The computational results are presented in terms of water surface level variations and the stream traces. 5 Analytical Investigation of Radiation Flux in the Water Surface Skin With Application to the Remote Sensing of SST Mobasheri Mohammad Reza Mobasheri Amin 1 4 2010 1 1 33 44 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 Determination of ocean surface temperature and its temporal variation make researchers able to study the climate in different region, forecast sever storms, track currents and tracing and determining the colony of fishes and many more with a precision that depends on the accuracy in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) determination. On the other hand, SST measurements through vesatile equipments and or bouys in the vast area around the globe if it is not impossible is very expensive. During last few decades, SST measurements are carried out by radiometers onboard of research satellites. In this regard, presence of a cool skin on the surface of water made by evaporation, makes these sensors to show an error of up to 2oC in some regions. This makes the usefulness of these measurements questionable. In this study, the equation of radiation transfer within the skin of the ocean (about 1mm top) is solved and investigated analytically. Results show that the net radiation initiated from a depth of about 20µm. Also the net spectral radiation below and above 12µm has different direction and demonstrate different behaviors. 6 Sedimentological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Gorgan Bay Sediments Lahijani Hamid Haeri Ardakani Omid Sharifi Arash Naderi Beni Abdolmajid 1 4 2010 1 1 45 55 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 The Gorgan Bay is an elongated bay in the southeastern flank of the Caspian Sea in the Iranian territory which is separated from the Caspian Sea by Miankaleh spit. Sedimentological studies on 35 collected sediment samples from the Gorgan Bay and adjacent areas of the Caspian Sea reveals that the grain size of the bottom sediments are mostly in the range of mud to sand where the sand content increases eastward especially in the vicinity of the waterway between the bay and the sea. Mean content of carbonate and organic matter in the sediments are %35 and %30 respectively which the carbonate content increases towards the bay’s inlet and the organic matter shows a decreasing trend. Mineralogically the Gorgan Bay sediments are mainly consists of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary lithic fragments and some authogenic sediments that accompanied with some clay minerals mainly chlorite. The XRF results show that the observed differences in concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Ba, Zr) largly depends on the sediment type. Comparing the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of the surficial samples with the one from the depth of 25 cm below the bottom reveals that the Gorgan Bay sediments are not polluted in respect to the heavy metals. In comparison with adjacent areas, Gorgan Bay sediments show a transition between evaporate carbonate dominated sediments of Turkmenistan coast in north and other terrigenous sediments of the Iranian coast in west. 7 Determining Wave Reflection Coefficient of Irregular Waves from Reshaping Breakwaters Using Physical Modeling Results Hossein Pour Mahboubeh Chegini Vahid Shirian Naser Aghtouman Peyman Shafieefar Mahdi 1 4 2010 1 1 57 62 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 In This paper, the effect of wave parameters including significant wave height, peak and mean wave periods, storm duration as well as structural parameters including water depth at the toe of structure, initial slope of the structure, permeability and stone gradation on wave reflection from reshaping breakwaters has been studied and investigated. The present research has been carried out using the results of hydraulic model tests accomplished in the wave flume of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Center, affliated to the Ministry of Jihad- e- Agriculture, using irregular waves. The results of the research shows the variations of wave reflection coefficients versus non-dimensional parameters. Moreover, a new relationship has been presented to calculate the coefficient of wave reflection from reshaping breakwaters. 8 Industrial Environmental Monitoring in the Conditions of Unstable Environmental Situation Kurapov Alexey Zornikova Olga 1 4 2010 1 1 63 63 11 01 2012 23 10 2016 Solving IEM problems becomes more complicated in unstable environmental conditions, which change under the influence of external (non-related to oil and gas production), natural and anthropogenic factors, such as river discharge, water circulation, navigation and fishery. Under these conditions, we should clearly separate “inside” (i.e., caused by oil and gas production) and “outside” (specified as external factors) changes of marine environmental status and biota. Otherwise, negative changes of environmental situation caused by the external impacts may be referred to the responsibility of oil and gas production companies. The ecosystem of the North Caspian is the least stable of all the Caspian Sea ecosystems. Taking this into consideration, the OAO “Lukoil” program of industrial environmental monitoring in the northern part of the Caspian Sea includes the observations at three levels: a) licensed area – 3rd level, b) architecture and deposit – 2nd level, c) SEFDR (selfelevating floating drilling rig) and facilities -1st level. Barium concentration in seawater and bottom sediments increased at this site as well. Obviously, the increased barium concentration was due to external factors only, their impact spreads across the significant part of the North Caspian area. The aim of industrial environmental monitoring (IEM) carried out by the enterprises is to disclose and estimate the changes in environmental status caused by the operation activities. Conducting IEM is referred to the responsibility of Russian companies that perform hydrocarbon prospecting, exploring and production in the Caspian Sea.