Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Estimation of the Reshaped Profile Parameters of Berm Breakwaters Considering Various Wave Conditions
1
9
FA
Mohammad Reza
Shekari
N
Mehdi
Shafieefar
shafiee@modares.ac.ir
Y
Reshaped profile status of berm breakwater has a very impartant role for the stability of this kind of
structure during waves attack. In this paper, key parameters of the reshaped profile such as step height of
the deposited area and depth of intersection point between original berm and reshaped berm were
estimated by introducing the related formulae, considering various sea stste and structural parameters. In
this line, a series of 185 tests have been carried out to investigate the influence of various sea state
conditions such as wave height, wave period and water depth at the toe of the structure, and structural
parameters such as berm elevation from still water level and armor stone size for prediction of the berm
recession. Comparison between the estimated intersection depths by this formula and formula given by
PIANC revealed that the estimation procedure predicts well according to the present data. Also to assess
the validity of the present formula, a comparison was made between the present formula and formulae
given by other researchers, employing partial of Moghim data.
Reshaping Berm Breakwater, Reshaped seaward profile, Step height, Intersection depth, Experimental Modeling.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-661-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-661-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Investigation of the Effect of Outflow Intrusion the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman on Sound Propagation
11
17
FA
Mohammad
Akbarinasab,
m.akbarinasab@umz.ac.ir
Y
Masoud
Sadrinasab
masoud.sadri@gmail.com
N
Abbas Ali
Bidokhti
bidokhti@ut.ac.ir
N
vahid
Chegini
vahid.chegini@gmail.com
N
Outflow intrusions are often observed in vertical profiles of temperature and salinity in the ocean (for
instance the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf outflow into the open sea). They are made visible by large
fluctuations, or inversions, in the profiles and as zig-zag patterns in temperature–salinity plots. These
features typically have vertical scales of 10–100 m and horizontal scales of 1–100 km. In this research,
first by using the collected data of the salinity and temperature in the region of the Oman sea in spring
(1996) season, the sound speed was calculated by Wilson formula, then by plotting the profile of the sound
speed, it was seen that the vertical structure at depth 200 to 400 m of the profile have anomaly. Using
acoustic sources in presence and absence of outflow intrusion at different depths, the sound propagation
was studied by method ray. The simulation have shown that the of outflow intrusion leads to the creation
sound channel and absence of the outflow intrusion leads to the vanish sound channel.
Outflow Intrusions, Oman Sea, Sound Propagation, Acoustic Sources
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Data Quality Control of the Wave Measurements Buoys in the Caspian Sea
19
29
FA
S. Mostafa
Noorbakhsh
mostafanoorbakhsh@gmail.com
N
Ahmad Reza
Zamani
arzamani@cc.iut.ac.ir
N
Mohammad Ali
Badri
malbdr@cc.iut.ac.ir
Y
Data delivered by wave measurement buoys are required to be verified along the time due to hard
conditions of the buoys in the sea environment. In this paper considering wave measurement principals
and quality control algorithms, the results of the quality control algorithms applied to the data from some
active buoys in the Caspian Sea are presented. The results show that the designed quality control
algorithms can detect erroneous data recorded by a buoy and prepare a set of valid and reliable wave data
Wave measurement buoys, Data quality control, Caspian Sea
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-663-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-663-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Hydrogeochemical Study of the Gorgan Bay and Factors Controlling the Water Chemistry
31
42
FA
Lia
Bashari
lia.khial@gmail.com
N
Mohammad Hossein
Mahmudy Gharaie
mhmgharaie@um.ac.ir
Y
Reza
Moussavi Harami
moussavi@um.ac.ir
N
Hamid
Alizadeh Lahijani
lahijani@inio.ac.ir
N
In the present study, the hydrochemical characteristics of the Gorgan Bay, North East of Iran were
studied in order to assess the contribution of environmental factors controlling the water quality of the bay.
To approach this aim, 11 water and 10 sediment samples were collected from the Gorgan Bay, and 10
water samples from drainage basin of the bay including five rivers. Major dissolved ions of the water
samples were measured through titration and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry analysis. Sediment
mineralogy was determined by X-Ray Diffraction technique. Hydrochemical data was used to characterize
the hydrogeological type of the water samples, Ionic ratios, source of dissolved ions and Saturation Index.
Chemical type of the Bay’s water was determined due to Piper Diagram as well as Ionic ratios and Gibbs
diagram which illustrates marine source as the main source of the water chemistry. SI data showd that all
the collected samples were under-saturated for evaporates, but saturated for aragonite, calcite, dolomite,
and huntite. Our data shows the Caspian Sea as the main controlling factor on the bay’s water chemistry.
Regarding to the constructions developing around the bay, notice should be taken on the chemical and
environmental factors controlling water quality and ecological conditions in order to prevent harmful
influences on different properties of the Gorgan Bay
Gorgan Bay, Hydrochemistry, Piper Diagram, Ionic Ratio, Saturation Index
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Identification of Intertidal Rocky Shores Sea Cucumber Species in the North Coast of the Persian Gulf Using the Comparison of the Internal Skeletal Structure
43
49
FA
Mohammad Ali
Salari-Aliabadi
salari@kmsu.ac.ir
Y
Daniyal
Fakhimi-Anvarinezhad
N
Mohammad
Monjezi-Veysi
N
Mehran
Loghmani
N
Abdolali
Movahedi-Niya
N
We collected our samples from 6 stations in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter
1391 performed to identify and evaluate the skeletal structure of sea cucumber species in tidal rocky
northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Finally, after the study of morphological and microscopic species of sea
cucumber Holothuria parva and Holothuria arnicola from Holothuriidea families were identified.
Holothuria parva and Holothuria arnicola were the highest average of 13.4 and 1.47 person in 200 m,
respectively. In terms of building calcareous skeleton that are important in the microscopic identification
in five parts of body that include anterior, ventral, dorsal, ventral, and Tentacles the results showed that
there were clear differences between the two species. The most common type of espicules that observed in
all parts of the button of H. arenicola was circle (often with a 3-hole pairs) but in the H. parva was any
kind of barb bar. Diversity and abundance espicules in Tentacles of H. arenicola species was lesser than
other sectors. In all parts of the various forms of bar espicules prickly thorn of H. parva there were
differences in the number, location and size of spines. We determined the significance of skeletal
microscopic structure in their taxonomy of these species
Sea cucumber, Internal skeletal, Tidal, Persian Gulf
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Population Dynamic of Terapon jarbua (Forsskal, 1775) in the Northern Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Coastal Waters)
51
59
FA
Amir Ali Ali
Moradinasab
moradinasab88@yahoo.com
Y
Ehsan
Kamrani
N
Mahin
Andakhsh
N
Mahmood
Aghajanpour
N
Hadi
Raeisi
N
Moslem
Daliri
N
kobra
Vafadar
N
In this study, biological characteristics and population dynamic of Terapon jarbua (Forsskal, 1775) was
investigated. A number of 1257 specimens were collected by Pound nets and shrimp trawl nets during
August 2012 to August 2013 in Hormozgan coastal waters. ELEFAN 1 in the software package FiSAT
was used to analyses of length frequency data. The highest and lowest recorded length and weight of
caught fish were 5.1cm and 28.8cm (total length) and 1.53 gr and 373.07 gr, respectively. The exponent b
(3.3159) showed growth positive allometric. Growth parameters L∞, k and t0 were obtained 29.4cm, 0.74
year-1 and +0.18 year, respectively. Ø (index for comparison of growth performance), W∞ (asymptotic
weight) and Tmax (maximum length) were also estimated 2.8, 415 gr and 4.05, respectively. Total mortality
(Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) was calculated 1.69 year-1, 1.43
year-1, 0.25 year-1 and 0.15, respectively. Using Bhattacharya method, cohorts grouped in two groups. Two
age groups were observed in spring, summer and autumn seasons, but three age groups were discriminated
in winter. Probability of catch curve indicated that L25, L50 and L75 are 8.79 cm, 11.1cm and 22.69 cm
for T. jarbua. Although the Exploitation rate (E) of selected species is appropriate, continuous monitoring
of length and feeding regime of caught fishes by population dynamic models could be useful for
understanding the occurrence of fishing down in the Persian Gulf.
Terapon jarbua, Growth, Mortality, Persian Gulf.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-666-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-666-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Study of Ecosystem Health of Bahmanshir Estuary Using Macrobenthic Based AMBI and Bentix Indices
61
70
FA
Somayeh
Salehi
N
Babak
Doustshenas
doustshenas@kmsu.ac.ir
Y
Ahmad
Savari
N
Nasrin
Sakhaei
N
The aim of this study was to investigate benthic invertebrate community and application of AMBI
(AZTI's Marine Biotic Index) for determining quality of health status in Bahmanshir River in vicinity of
Abadan City. Sampling was done to collect macrobenthose from six stations seasonally through March
2011 to Septambre 2011. Totally, 67 species identified in the study area. Portions of identified species
were as follow 40 polychates, 4 gastropods, 11 amphipods, 9 bivalves, 1 britle star and 1 cumacean and 1
tanaid. The macrobenthose abundances ranged between 26.37 ind.m-2 to 66.58 ind.m-2 in summer and
winter respectively. The ANOVA showed signifant difference in seasonal abundances (P<0.05). The
maximum absolute mean of abundances found in station3 (162.3 ind.m-2) and the least was related to
station 6 (4.8 ind.m-2). The results of ANOVA showed signifant difference of abundances between stations
(P<0.05). The health of stations were examined by AMBI and determined that station 6 and station 3 had
bad and good status respectively.
AMBI, Ecosystem health, Macrofauna, Bahmanshir River, Persian Gulf.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Investigation of Oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) as a Biomonitoring Agent of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in Intertidal Zones of Hormoz Island, the Persian Gulf
71
77
FA
Zahra
Bagheri
N
Alireza
Riyahi Bakhtiari,
riahi@modares.ac.ir
Y
Hashem3
Khandan Barani
N
The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in surface sediment, soft tissue and shell of oyster Saccostrea
cucullata collected from three locations, in the intertidal zones of Hormoz Island of the Persian Gulf were
measured. Concentrations of metals were determined by using Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Results indicated that the mean levels of metals in the soft tissue and the shell
were as Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd and Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were found
between Pb (r = 0.97, P<0.05), Cd (r = 0.79, P<0.05), Zn (r = 0.99, P<0.01) and Cu (r = 0.77, P<0.05)
concentrations in the soft tissue of oyster and its concentration in the sediments. There was not a positive
correlation across Pb levels in the shell of oyster and sediment. The percent Coefficient of Variation (CV
%) for Pb within the shells were lower than for the soft tissues, whereas the CV% for Cu, Zn and Cd was
lower in the soft tissue than in the shell. The results of this study suggest that the shell of S. cucullata as
biomonitor for Pb and the soft tissue for Cu, Zn and Cd.
Saccostrea cucullata, Metals, Biomonitoring agent, Hormoz Island
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
The Separation of Venom Apparatus, Purification and Identification Method of Conotoxins in Cone Snail Conus terebra thomasi
79
85
FA
Parva
Dehghani
N
Saber
Khodabande
surp78@gmail.com
Y
Iraj
Nabipour
N
Cone snails (genus: Conus) are groups of marine mollusks that make a group of toxin compounds
(conotoxins) for different purposes. Several studies proved the medical properties of conotoxins and
existence of different toxic compounds in different parts of venom apparatus. So, recognizing the simplest
and the most suitable method for separating the venom apparatus and purification of conotoxins is
necessary. For this purpose, several specimens of Conus terebra thomasi were collected from the Northern
sandy coast of Larak Island and the shells of samples were cracked by vice. After pulling out the snail
from its shell, drawing out of the venom apparatus was done by cutting the posterior section of foot
muscle. Venom apparatus was divided into three parts, venom bulb, proximal and distal venom duct and
each sample was freeze-dried. Extraction was done by three solvents (Acetone 100%, A mixture of
Acetone100%-Methanol20% and Phosphate Buffered Saline) and the total protein of each extract was
determined by Bradford protein assay. The results showed that the amount of total protein in two extracts
(Acetone and Acetone-Methanol) were very low and cannot be measured by this method, but it is
measurable in third extract (venom bulb: 38.79, proximal venom duct: 52.4 and distal venom duct: 46.01
mg/g dried tissue). By using electrophoresis method, different conopeptides were shown in different parts
of venom apparatus. Also, the most suitable solvent between the checked solvents in this study is
phosphate buffered saline because of high concentration of extracted conopeptides, and reducing the risk
of tissue damage. Meanwhile, the extracted compounds are suitable for investigating their bioactivity.
Conus, Conotoxin, Venom apparatus, Dissection, Persian Gulf
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene and Vibrio alginolyticus on the Tissue Structure of Immune Organs in Epinephelus coioides
87
93
FA
Nagmeh
Norouzi
N
Negin
Salamat
salamatnegin@yahoo.com
Y
Gholam Reza
Eskandari
N
Mohammad
Mousavi
N
In the present study, 140 Epinephlus coioides have been divided in to 7 groups including: 1. Control, 2.
Group injected with coconut oil, 3. Group treated with V. alginolyticus, 4. and 5. Fish injected firstly with
20 and 200 mg/kg Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and bacteria after 48h, 6. and 7. Fish treated with 20 and 200
mg/kg BaP. Samples were taken from spleen and head kidney in day 1,2,4,7 and 14 of experiment and
fixed in formalin buffer solution. 5 micrometer sections were prepared from tissues and were stained by
hematoxylin and eosin. The tissue alterations including increase in melanomacrophage centers, bleeding,
immune cell density, increase of broken RBC and bacterial colonies were observed in the spleen and head
kidney of all treatments especially in days 4 and 7.
Benzo[a]pyrene, Vibrio alginolyticus, Spleen, Head kidney, Epinephlus coioides
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-672-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-672-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Analysis and Prioritization of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the Iranian Dry Ports Using SWOT and AHP Models
95
105
FA
Nasser
Saeidi
N
Hassan
Jafari
hassanport53@yahoo.com.
Y
Strategic analysis is the first and most important component of strategic management process which
requires identification and analysis of an organization’s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as its
external opportunities and threats. A lot of techniques can be applied to analyze strategic matters among
which SWOT matrix is highly famous and reputable. One the most important weaknesses of SWOT
analysis is that the importance of each factor for decision making cannot be quantitatively evaluated. In
other words, it is to some extent difficult to identify which factor or group is more effective in strategic
decisions. Analytical Hierarchy Process removes the mentioned problem. Importance, weight and priority
of each factor are quantitatively estimable via AHP model. Aimed to analyze and prioritize strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Iran’s dry ports, the present research has been implemented by
use of SWOT and AHP models. Firstly, having analyzed the internal and external environments, strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified. Then SWOT matrix was formed by merging the
mentioned components and, applying AHP model, priority and importance of each group and subgroup
was determined. The obtained results show that strengths have the most and weaknesses have the least
importance and priority. Finally, having considered the amount of importance and priority of SWOT
components of dry ports, some executive strategies were offered
Dry Ports, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Strategic, SWOT, Maritime Transport
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-673-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-673-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Economic Analysis of Operating Systems in Container Yards
107
120
FA
Mansoor
Kiani Moghadam
m.kiani@cmu.ac.ir
Y
Analysis and evaluation of economic efficiency and effectiveness of container yard equipment are
among issues that managers of container terminals encounter all the time. This study with a distinctive
perspective toward the concept of cost functions, tries to figure out the costs of container yard vehicles
which are Straddle Carrier (SC), semi-automated Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) and automated Rail
Mounted Gantry (RMG). Developing a pairwise comparison method, we present a novel approach for
analysis and evaluation of economic efficiency and effectiveness of container yard equipment. The cost
function analysis considers major cost attributes which are related to modern container terminal operations
and include: 1) land purchase costs, maintenance and development of container yard costs, 2) equipment
purchase costs, maintenance and running of an appropriate operational system in the container yard and 3)
container transfer costs which play a determining role in determining the final costs of operational
systems. The results showed that RMG automatic systems, compared to SC and RTG systems, led to lower
costs for each container, for crane purchase, lower costs of maintenance and in general lower overall
expenses for container yards.
Container Terminal, Cost Function Modelling, Sensitivity Analysis
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-674-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-674-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
A Feasibility Study of Promoting Bandar Abbas to a Free Trade-Industrial Port
123
135
FA
Jafar
Sayareh
N
Hamid Reza
Tahmak
hamidrezatahmak@gmail.com
Y
Mahmood
Mansoori Rudi
N
Sobhan
Iranshahi
N
Converting a port to a free trade-industrial port needs some underlying factors to ensure the
development of the countries in which they exist. BandarAbbas port is regarded as one of the active ports
of the region. If it is converted to a free trade-industrial port, it can considerably and effectively contribute
to the economy of the country. This research investigated the main factors for the possibility of converting
BandarAbbas port to a free trade-industrial port. In the final stage of this research, the main factors
influencing the formation of a free trade-industrial port have been recognised with the help of primary and
secondary data in five distinctive groups. In the second stage, those main factors have been evaluated by
the aid of questionnaires which had been distributed among exports of BandarAbbas city, Shahid Rajaee
port and Shahid Bahonar port. 70% of the distributed questionnaires were responded. Finally, from the
view point of exports there are factors like resistant political environmental, strategic situation, work force
and suitable infrastructures in BandarAbbas in order to converting to a free trade-industrial port, while
there is not commitment to free trade and economy as a component of converting to free trade-industrial
port in BandarAbbas.
Economic, Export, Free Trade-Industrial Port, Special Economic Zones
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-675-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-675-en.pdf
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
5
20
2015
1
1
Defining a Design and Planning Framework for Coastal Port-Cities According to the Passive Defense Strategy
139
143
FA
Kazem
Afradi
kazem55@ymail.com
Y
Reza
Khajehali
N
Due to economic nature and transit and tourism roles, coastal cities are always vulnerable to enemy
attacks. On the other hand, ports are considered the beating heart of this cities, hence, are more likely to be
in the focus of enemy attacks. Passive defense, however, is an effective strategy that acts on the basis of
having the least damages and enforcing the greatest policy impacts. Using the above strategy, it is possible
to reduce the risk levels and damages caused by the invasion on ports and marine facilities in coastal cities.
For the purpose of awareness of this importance, through analytical assessments and applied techniques in
this manuscript, a design and planning framework is provided to promote the implementation of an
effective passive defense to a great extent. There is hope that the framework provided by this study, be
implemented in different scope of the design, port planning and marine facilities through techniques
notably camouflage, concealment, dispersion, and immunization operations
Coastal Port-Cities, Naval Battle, Passive Defense, Design and Planning Framework
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-676-en.html
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-676-en.pdf