@article{ author = {Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher and Yavari, Vahid and SeyedMortezaie, Seyed Reza and DehghanMadise, Simin and Jahani, Najme}, title = {Study of Abundance and Diversity Change of Polychaete under Marine Fish Cage Culture in Ghazale Creek (Mussa Creek)}, abstract ={Since aquaculture activities are increasing and becoming more important, the evaluation of the effect of these activities on marine ecosystem seems to be necessary. The present study was carried out to investigate the changing abundance and diversity of Polychaetes under marine fish cage culture in Ghazale creek, in Khore-Mussa area in north west of Persian Gulf. Monthly sampling from 4 stations had been done from August to December 2007 (during five months). Stations were selected from under cages to 400 m distant (as control site) in Ghazale creek. At each station, 3 samples for Polychates studying and one sample for sediment grain size analysis and total organic matter (TOM) were collected by van veen grab with 0.0225 m2 area. The range of total organic matter (TOM) percentage in sediment was 6.11-23.26. The maximum and minimum TOM values were observed in the fares station (400 m distant) in August and November respectively. The range of silty-clay percentage was 4.76-97.47 and the minimum and the maximum values were observed in 50m and 150m distant station, in October and August respectively. The result of Polychaetes represented that Cirriformia sp. 18.93%, Cossura sp. 18.04%, Capitella sp. 17.42%, Nephthys sp. 5.85%, Sternaspis sp. 5.84% were dominance species between stations. The result of biotic indices showed higher diversity in 400 m distant station comparison with under cage station. Diversity and dominance index values were increased from under cage station (1.79H′ and 0.41λ) to 400 m distant station (2.11H′ and 0.16λ).}, Keywords = {Aquaculture, Polychaetes, Abundance, Species diversity, Ghazale Creek, Persian Gulf}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-1-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-1-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Savari, Ahmad and Atabak, Nasrin and GhaflehMaramazi, Jasem and DehghanMadise, Simi}, title = {Survey on Natural Feeding of Commercial Juvenile Otolithes Ruber Fishes (Sciaenidae) in Khozestan Coastal Waters (Persian Gulf)}, abstract ={This survey was conducted to study diets and some feeding indices of dominant and commercial Juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters. A number of juvenile fish (Otolithes rubber) was captured in main fishing areas of Khuzestan province namely, the western side (Buseif-Lifeh) and eastern side (Bahrekan), north of the Persian Gulf. The individuals were sampled randomly using shrimp trawl net every month. From March 2006 to December 2007. The stomach contents of 82 individuals were analyzed out of which 23.2% were empty and 76.8% had food items. The results showed that Fish, Crustacane, Shrimp and Brachyuran are the main food sources for Juvenile Otolithes ruber. Ontogenetic differences were found in the diet composition and feeding activity.}, Keywords = {Juvenile otolithes ruber fish, Feeding, Khozestan Coastal Waters}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-2-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-2-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {SadriNasab, Masou}, title = {Three Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Circulation in the Strait of Hormuz}, abstract ={The Persian Gulf is one of the busiest waterways in the world. This area contains about 65% of the world’s oil reserves. This Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean via the Strait of Hormuz. Circulation of water in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz is vital for shipping line, fisheries and contaminant tracking. Since 1918, many studies have been done on the circulation of this area. Approximately one ship in every six minutes passes through the Strait of Hormuz (Alhajiri 1991). Due to arid climate, surface evaporation in the Persian Gulf is very high. To compensate the evaporation in the Persian Gulf, water is displaced from the Gulf of Oman. Its circulation is counterclockwise from the Strait of Hormuz to the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and discharging the saltier water to the Oman Gulf. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) has been employed to study the circulation of the Strait of Hormuz. This model is forced by climatologic monthly mean atmospheric forcing derived from 54 years of NOAA data. Tidal boundary forcing is included using the four major constituents: M2, S2, O1, and K1. Findings of the model contribute to an understanding of circulation patterns in the Strait of Hormuz as an aid to ship traffic and management of pollution spill events. The results of the model are in close agreement with the previous observations.}, Keywords = {Numerical Modeling, Strait of Hormuz, Circulation, Persian Gulf}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-24}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-3-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-3-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {SabbaghYazdi, Saeed Reza and Momeni, At}, title = {Interaction of Evaporation, Rain and Rivers Effects in Finite Volume Modeling of Horizontal Flow on Caspian Sea 3D Bed}, abstract ={NASIR software is used to solve conservative shallow water equations on three dimensional bed which is formed by an unstructured triangular mesh. In this work, the two dimensional triangular mesh is converted to a three dimensional surface by interpolting the bed elevation from an available contour map. This model consideres Coriolis force due to earth rotation as well as bed roughness and turbulent effects in the conservattive depth integrated horizontal momentum equations by asuming hydrostatic pressure distribution. The effects of evaporation and rain on the water surface as well as inflow from the seven major rivers at surrounding boundary points are considered via the source terms of the conservattive depth integrated continuity equation. In this paper, the effects of surrounding rivers on formation of hizontal circulations are investigated. The computational results are presented in terms of water surface level variations and the stream traces.}, Keywords = {Caspian Sea Flow, River Effects, NASIR Software, Horizontal Circulations, Three Dimensional Bed}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-4-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-4-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mobasheri, Mohammad Reza and Mobasheri, Ami}, title = {Analytical Investigation of Radiation Flux in the Water Surface Skin With Application to the Remote Sensing of SST}, abstract ={Determination of ocean surface temperature and its temporal variation make researchers able to study the climate in different region, forecast sever storms, track currents and tracing and determining the colony of fishes and many more with a precision that depends on the accuracy in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) determination. On the other hand, SST measurements through vesatile equipments and or bouys in the vast area around the globe if it is not impossible is very expensive. During last few decades, SST measurements are carried out by radiometers onboard of research satellites. In this regard, presence of a cool skin on the surface of water made by evaporation, makes these sensors to show an error of up to 2oC in some regions. This makes the usefulness of these measurements questionable. In this study, the equation of radiation transfer within the skin of the ocean (about 1mm top) is solved and investigated analytically. Results show that the net radiation initiated from a depth of about 20µm. Also the net spectral radiation below and above 12µm has different direction and demonstrate different behaviors.}, Keywords = {SST, Surface Skin Thickness, Remote Sensing, Spectral Radiation }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-44}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-5-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-5-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Lahijani, Hamid and HaeriArdakani, Omid and Sharifi, Arash and NaderiBeni, Abdolmaji}, title = {Sedimentological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Gorgan Bay Sediments}, abstract ={The Gorgan Bay is an elongated bay in the southeastern flank of the Caspian Sea in the Iranian territory which is separated from the Caspian Sea by Miankaleh spit. Sedimentological studies on 35 collected sediment samples from the Gorgan Bay and adjacent areas of the Caspian Sea reveals that the grain size of the bottom sediments are mostly in the range of mud to sand where the sand content increases eastward especially in the vicinity of the waterway between the bay and the sea. Mean content of carbonate and organic matter in the sediments are %35 and %30 respectively which the carbonate content increases towards the bay’s inlet and the organic matter shows a decreasing trend. Mineralogically the Gorgan Bay sediments are mainly consists of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary lithic fragments and some authogenic sediments that accompanied with some clay minerals mainly chlorite. The XRF results show that the observed differences in concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Ba, Zr) largly depends on the sediment type. Comparing the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of the surficial samples with the one from the depth of 25 cm below the bottom reveals that the Gorgan Bay sediments are not polluted in respect to the heavy metals. In comparison with adjacent areas, Gorgan Bay sediments show a transition between evaporate carbonate dominated sediments of Turkmenistan coast in north and other terrigenous sediments of the Iranian coast in west.}, Keywords = {Caspian Sea, Gorgan Bay, Sediment, Geochemistry, Geoaccumulation Index, Heavy Metals }, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-6-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-6-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {HosseinPour, Mahboubeh and Chegini, Vahid and Shirian, Naser and Aghtouman, Peyman and Shafieefar, Mahdi}, title = {Determining Wave Reflection Coefficient of Irregular Waves from Reshaping Breakwaters Using Physical Modeling Results}, abstract ={In This paper, the effect of wave parameters including significant wave height, peak and mean wave periods, storm duration as well as structural parameters including water depth at the toe of structure, initial slope of the structure, permeability and stone gradation on wave reflection from reshaping breakwaters has been studied and investigated. The present research has been carried out using the results of hydraulic model tests accomplished in the wave flume of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Center, affliated to the Ministry of Jihad- e- Agriculture, using irregular waves. The results of the research shows the variations of wave reflection coefficients versus non-dimensional parameters. Moreover, a new relationship has been presented to calculate the coefficient of wave reflection from reshaping breakwaters.}, Keywords = {Reshaping Breakwater, Berm Breakwater, Hydraulic Responses, Irregular Wave, Wave Reflection, Physical Model}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-62}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-7-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-7-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kurapov, Alexey and Zornikova, Olg}, title = {Industrial Environmental Monitoring in the Conditions of Unstable Environmental Situation}, abstract ={Solving IEM problems becomes more complicated in unstable environmental conditions, which change under the influence of external (non-related to oil and gas production), natural and anthropogenic factors, such as river discharge, water circulation, navigation and fishery. Under these conditions, we should clearly separate “inside” (i.e., caused by oil and gas production) and “outside” (specified as external factors) changes of marine environmental status and biota. Otherwise, negative changes of environmental situation caused by the external impacts may be referred to the responsibility of oil and gas production companies. The ecosystem of the North Caspian is the least stable of all the Caspian Sea ecosystems. Taking this into consideration, the OAO “Lukoil” program of industrial environmental monitoring in the northern part of the Caspian Sea includes the observations at three levels: a) licensed area – 3rd level, b) architecture and deposit – 2nd level, c) SEFDR (selfelevating floating drilling rig) and facilities -1st level. Barium concentration in seawater and bottom sediments increased at this site as well. Obviously, the increased barium concentration was due to external factors only, their impact spreads across the significant part of the North Caspian area. The aim of industrial environmental monitoring (IEM) carried out by the enterprises is to disclose and estimate the changes in environmental status caused by the operation activities. Conducting IEM is referred to the responsibility of Russian companies that perform hydrocarbon prospecting, exploring and production in the Caspian Sea.}, Keywords = {Environmental Conditions, Industry, North Caspian Sea, IEM, Barium}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-63}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-8-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-8-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mahvari, Alireza and Doodi, Sakineh}, title = {Weekly variation of phytoplankton community structure in the Strait of Hormoz}, abstract ={Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameter of water were carried out at weekly intervals for a period of one year from April 2004 to March 2005 at two stations in the Strait of Hormoz. 92 species of phytoplankton belonging to 42 Genus from Bascillariophyceae (29 genus), Dinophyceae (12 genus) and Cyanophyceae (1 genus) were identified. The result shows that Bascillariophyceae (95%) is the major group of phytoplankton and Dinophyceae (3%), Cyanophyceae (2%) were the groups which followed. The maximum density of Bascillariophyceae community was 1415200±348182 cell/l in October, Dinophyceae 20433±1790 cell/l and Cyanophyceae 96367±19140 cell/l in July and also the higher population of phytoplankton were found in warm season. In this study there were positive significant (P<0.05) correlation coefficient between phytoplankton density and two environment parameter (Temprature & pH). Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae showed negative significant (P<0.05) correlation with dissolve oxygen and only Cyanophyceae showed positive significant (P<0.05) correlation with salinity. The maximum significant (P<0.05) correlation coefficient determined between pH and Cyanophyceae (r = 0.65). The maximum value of Shannon Index was 3.978 in winter and the minimum 0.502 in summer.}, Keywords = {Phytoplankton, Population density, Environmental parameters, Diversity, Strait of Hormoz, Persian Gulf}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-9-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-9-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Keykhosravi, Ali Reza and Atabati, Azadeh and Vatandoost, Jafar and shams, Hadi and Jalili, Mahshid and Rooki, Hass}, title = {The effect of sublethal concentrations of cadmium on some biochemical parameters in the blood of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)}, abstract ={Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal so it is lethal at low concentrations and it is the most toxic pollutant in aquatic environments. Cadmium cans directly affect the physiological and biochemical parameters of aquatic animals blood. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of sub lethal concentration of cadmium on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using a two biochemical parameter. Twenty specimens of silver carp were exposed to various concentrations of cadmium (0, 0/5, 1/0 and 1/5 milligram per liter) for a period of 96 hours. In this study the, level of protein and glucose of plasma were chosen as biomarkers. Results of this study showed that sub lethal concentrations of cadmium affected the levels of plasma protein and glucose in fish significantly, With increasing cadmium concentration, the level of protein decreased and the level of glucose was increased (P≥0/005). Common reasons for decreasing and increasing the amount of serum protein and glucose are changing in the level of the livers glycogen and preventing protein synthesis respectively.}, Keywords = {Cadmium, Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Protein, Glucose}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-10-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-10-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Eskandari, Gholam Reza and Esmaili, Foziyeh and DehghanMadiseh, Simin and Sabzalizadeh, Sar}, title = {Attached fauna population on artificial reef in north west of the Persian Gulf costal water}, abstract ={This study was carried out during two years study from oct. 2005. to sep. 2007 in Bahrekan coastal waters in Northwest of the Persian Gulf. Sampling was done Seasonally from 5 stations (4 stations in artificial reef site and one station in muddy soft bottom area as a control site). Generaly 14 and 74 groups of attached fauna were observed in the first and second year of study respectively, and the most dominant groups were barnacles, anthozoa, spongs, bryozoans, echinodermata, isopoda, polychaets and gastropods. 42 species of decapods crustacean and coelenterate only in reef site and 12 species of mollusk only in control site were observed. 18 species were common between two sites. Biomass variations were observed in different seasons and the highest biomass were found in winter due to barnacle abundance.}, Keywords = {Artificial reefs, Bahrekan, Attached amimals, Identification, Biomass}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-11-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-11-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Taheri, Mehrshad and Seyfabadi, Jafar and Abtahi, Behrooz and YazdaniFoshtomi, Maryam}, title = {Population dynamics, dispersal and reproductive cycle of the Nereis diversicolor, in the Noor Coast-The south of the Caspian Sea}, abstract ={Population dynamics and reproduction cycle of the Nereis diversicolor in 5,15 and 30 meter depths of the Noor Coast was studied seasonally during a year. Results revealed the density and biomass of Nereis diversicolor during various seasons increased with increasing depths and total organic mater and decreasing sand percentage of the substrate.The annual average density and biomass of this worm were observed 128.70±23.58 ind/m2 and 476.66±88.21 mg/m2. Reproductive season was in spring and the maximal egg diameter was obtained 139.4 micrometer.}, Keywords = {Population dynamics, Dispersal, Reproduction cycle, Nereis diversicolor, Noor Coast, Caspian Sea, Iran}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-12-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-12-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Moghim, Mohammad Navid and Chegini, Vahid and Shafieefar, Mehdi and Aghtouman, Peym}, title = {Investigation the mechanism of the reshaping berm breakwaters}, abstract ={In this research, the mechanisms and various behaviours of reshaping berm breakwaters against waves attack have been investigated. These breakwaters are kinds of rubble mound breakwaters which their profiles reach to and equilibrium state after impinging of design waves. This research has been carried out using laboratory model method in a wave flume. Both regular and irregular waves were used in laboratory tests. The mechanisms and the behavior of currents inside and outside the structure were investigated by injecting dye stuff inside it and taking films.}, Keywords = {Reshaping berm Breakwaters, Water waves, Laboratory model, Wave flume}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rezai, Hamid and MohammedYusoff, Fatimah and Kawamura, Akito}, title = {Abundance and distribution of planktonic chaetognaths in the Strait of Malacca}, abstract ={Abundance and distribution of chaetognaths was investigated from zooplankton samples collected from a series of four cruises (during the period November-December 1998, March-April 1999, August 1999 and July-August 2000) in the Straits of Malacca. The collections were made by vertical haul using NORPAC net of mesh size 140 m. Planktonic chaetognaths constituted 2.93%, 5.60%. 2.23% and 3.66% of total zooplankton population during cruises I, II, III and IV, respectively. Highest mean abundance of chaetognaths was recorded during cruise II (pre-SW monsoon) (mean of 724430 ind. m-3) and lowest during cruise III (post SW monsoon) (mean of 18932 ind. m-3). Two-way ANOVA showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in abundance of planktonic chaetognaths between the cruises but significant difference (p<0.05) between geographic locations within the Straits the interaction of these (cruise x geographic location) was also significant (p<0.05). Except for cruise II, with localized high abundance near Klang area, no consistent pattern of distribution was apparent among the cruises. Cluster analysis of the stations revealed two types of assemblages: low to moderate and high abundances, the latter being found in near-coastal areas. Except for the central part (with higher abundances in deeper waters), higher chaetognath abundance was found in 10-20 m depth stratum in the northern and southern parts of the Straits.}, Keywords = {Chaetognaths, Abundance, Straits of Malacca, Monsoons}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-43}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {EghtesadiAraghia, Peyman and Sajjadi, Nooshi}, title = {Temperature dependence of heptadecanoic and methyl-heptadecanoic fatty acids of Chiton lamyi in Chabahar Bay}, abstract ={Chiton lamyi species collected from the intertidal zone of Chabahar bay analyzed seasonally for its fatty acid compositions in foot. Thirteen fatty acids identified in both sections by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Major unsaturated fatty acids were palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and 11-eicosenoic acid and PUFAs included linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. Effects of monthly temperature and nutrients (silicate, phosphate and nitrate) investigated to detect seasonal variations of fatty acids. Pearson analysis results showed correlation among palmitic and oleic acids with silicate and phosphate linoleic and arachidonic acids with nitrate in Chiton lamyi internal tissues, but no correlation observed in foot. Heptadecanoic and methyl- heptadecanoic acids contents and temperature correlated strongly in Chiton lamyi foot.}, Keywords = {Fatty acids, Chiton lamyi, GC/MS, Environmental parameters}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {45-45}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Noureddine, Abdolkader}, title = {Evaluation of the sedimentation rate with 210Pb and 137Cs using the CRS model and estimation of the total inventory of sediment in the Algerian Coast}, abstract ={Lead-210 and to a lesser extent 137Cs are the most widely used radionuclides in soil erosion and recent radiogeochronology studies. This is basically due to their appropriate half-life, suitable for studying sedimentary processes occurring in the last 100 – 150 years. In coastal systems, sediments are transported by rivers to the coastal ocean, deposited under the influence of several marine processes. A study was carried along the Algerian coast, between 1999 and 2004, under the framework of the IAEA regional project RAF/7/004. Sediment cores were collected from different stations as given in figure 1 on board of the research vessel of M.S. Benyahia of ISMAL in collaboration with COMENA and IAEA, in order to study sediment accumulation in this area. For this purpose, 210Pb and 137Cs were determined in sediment sections, using direct counting by gamma spectrometry analysis. The accuracy of their quantification is mainly dependent on the errors including ambient background variation, attenuation of the 210Pb 45 kev gamma ray in the sample and efficiency calibration. Vertical distribution of 210Pb and 137Cs in sediments cores were used as a tool to establish the sediment chronology and to estimate the total inventory in the coastal environment. Concentrations in Bq/kg dry weight of 210Pb and 137Cs were determined in the four sediment cores. For concentration levels of 137Cs it ranges from (1.3±0.1) Bq/Kg to (12.8±0.8) Bq/ Kg with an average value of 7.5 Bq/Kg, and for 210Pb concentrations in Bq/Kg dry weight it was found to be in the range of (57±5 to 895±98) Bq/Kg dry weight. The estimated sedimentation rates deduced from the 210Pb and 137Cs concentrations profiles (some of them are presented in figure 2) and using the CRS model [1], range from 20 mm/yr to 27 mm/yr. Sedimentation rates and total inventories were determined at each station and maximum peaks were identified. Data obtained in this work were compared to those carried out in the same area by other authors, [2], [3].}, Keywords = {Sedimentation rate, CRS model, 210Pb, 137Cs, Algerian Coast, Gamma Spectrometry}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-47}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {EjlaliKhanaghah, Keivan and Akbarzadeh, Gholam Ali and Aghajeri, Shiva and Negarestan, Hossein and Tamadoni, Saeid and Akbari, Has}, title = {A survey on the impact of shrimp effulluent on distribution and density of macrobenthos in Mazagh Creek in Hormozgan}, abstract ={The impact of shrimp effluent on macrobenthos density was investigated in Mazagh creek from July to September 2000. Sampling was carried out by a 0.04 m2 Vanveen Grab in six selected stations. Maximum and minimum frequency consisted of crustacea and nematoda, respectively. The results showed minimum frequency of macrobenthos in stations 1 and 2 in which the outlet channel of the creek mouth is located and maximum frequency of macrobenthos in station 4 and 6 in which inlet channel and Sea are located respectively. A significant difference was observed using one way analysis variance testing between station 1 and station 6 (P0.05) statisitically.}, Keywords = {shrimp ,effluent , aquaculture ,creek , Maazagh}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Savari, Ahmad and Jahanpanah, Masoumeh and Vazirizadeh, Amir}, title = {The investigation of species diversity and dominance of Decapoda of the intertidal zone of Bushehr rocky shores-the Persian Gulf}, abstract ={For studing the population structure of the Decapoda crustaceans of the Intertidal zone of Bushehr rocky shores, we collected biological speciments totally from 4 stations during 4 seasons, autumn (1386) to summer (1387). The sampling unit in this study was a 50×50(Cm) quadrate and the sampling was carried out randomly .The samples were sorted and fixed in the 10% etanol after transfering to the biology laboratory and then were identified by keys and other resoures. One of our aims in this study was calculation of species diversity and dominance. Further more, we measured some environmental factors such as Salinity, DO, tempreture, and pH with digital equipments. In this stady, we identified 8 species of 5 Decapoda families.The most species frequency contained Petrolisthes rufescence 51%, Pagurus sp. 22%, Metapograpsus maculates 7%, Pilimnus sp. 6.5%, shrimpa 3% and other species 10%. We also used ecological index for comparing species diversity. According to the results, frequency and diversity rate redused in cold seasons ( autumn & winter). The temperature was an important factor in this changes. Two stations (C & D) had the most diversity and least pollution. In the total period , Petrolisthes rufescence had the highest Dominance frequency.}, Keywords = {Decapoda, Species diversity, Dominance, Intertidal zone, Bushehr}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {7-16}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Safahieh, Alireza and Mohammadi, Motahareh}, title = {Study of Polychaete community structure and it’s relationship with heavy metal concentration in winter in Bahrakan zone sediments}, abstract ={The muddy coast of Bahrakan is a location for catching different fish and prawn species and is known as important fishery site in Khuzestan province. This area is exposed to various types of pollutants which may affect invertebrates as well as their community. In order to determine distribution and diversity of polychaets and heavy metals concentration in Bahrakan province sediment، sampling performed in winter 2008. Samples of sediment were taken from 5 different station and polychaets after washing and coloring، identified at genus or species levels. The chemo physical factors were measured in different station. In addition to، concentrations of heavy metals were measured in sediments using Unicam AAS model 919. Results showed that the means of polychaete were 2606 individual per m2 and polychaete community was dominated by Syllidae (40%)، Nephtyidae (20%) and Cossuridae (14%). Means of temperature، dissolved oxygen، salinity، pH، organic matter and percent of silt-clay were 10.8°c، 10.4 mg/l، 37.9 g/l، 8.2، 16.5% and 97.6 in different station respectively. The highest heavy metals concentration and lowest polychaete density was found in the station located at the mouth of Zohreh estuary. Probably due to river discharge of contaminations was the reason of decreasing polychaets density. Significant correlation was found between polychaete dominance and Cu concentration in sediment. Increasing of Cu concentration in sediment could result in decreasing of polychaets diversity and decreasing of dominance.}, Keywords = {polychaets, heavy metal, Bahrakan sediment, pollution}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Zomorrodian, Hossein and SaeidiShahKileh, Mohammad and Gholghas, Arezo}, title = {Relationship between tide and great earthquakes}, abstract ={This research involves the investigation of the relationship between the tidal forces and the occurrences of the great earthquakes during the period from 1977 until 2007. At the first stage, some 3475 large earthquakes were structed from the "Global CMT Catalogue" and then daily, monthly and yearly frequencies of these earthquakes as well as the tidal forces for the period of their occurrence were obtained. At the second step the cross-correlation between different frequencies of the earthquakes with lunisolar tidal forces were calculated by means of MATLAB code. The result shows a good correlation between the occurrence of the earthquakes and the lunisolar tidal forces. Generally, it concluded with reservedness that the tidal forces could be considered as a trigger for seismic activities.}, Keywords = {Tidal forces, Trigger, Great earthquakes, correlation, Shallow earthquakes}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Chegini, Fatemeh and MontazeriNamin, Masou}, title = {A two-dimensional vertical non-hydrostatic model for simulation of free surface flows}, abstract ={In this paper, details of the development of a two-dimensional vertical numerical model for simulating unsteady free-surface flows, deploying a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution is given. The governing 2DV Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using the finite volume approximation in the Cartesian coordinate and solved based on the algorithm of the projection method. Moreover, the model calculates eddy viscosity and diffusivity using the turbulence equations. In order to predict the moving free surface elevations, the height of the top layer is assumed to be variable and proportional to the water elevation. One of the advantages of the developed model is its higher computational speed compared to similar models developed in sigma and curvilinear coordinates. Therefore, in conditions that the variation of water and bed level is not considerable, this model is more appropriate. The model has been applied to simulate a range of unsteady flow problems involving relatively strong vertical accelerations. Comparison between numerical results, analytical solutions and experimental data demonstrates a satisfactory performance.}, Keywords = {LDV numerical model, Emplicit finite volume method, Free surface flow, Nonhydrostatic pressure}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Agah, Homira and Owfi, Fereidoon and SharifFazeli, Mohammad and Fatemi, S. Mohammad Reza and Savari, Ahm}, title = {Determining mercury and methylmercury in sediments of the northern parts of the Persian Gulf}, abstract ={In this study. mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in sediments from the northern parts of the Persian Gulf were assessed. Surface sediments were collected from nine stations in Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces. All analyses were performed on homogenized and lyophilized samples. Total mercury analysis was performed by thermal decomposition, amalgamation, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AMA 254) and methylmercury was analyzed by Headspace Gas Chromatography Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry after aqueous phase ethylation of the extracted samples. Total mercury (THg) in sediments varied from 13 to 40 ng g-1dw and methylmercury accounted for 0.5% to 1.2% of total mercury. The organic carbon (OC) and organic matter (OM) content ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 and from 5 to 11%, respectively.}, Keywords = {Mercury, Sediment, Persian Gulf, Headspace AFS, Combustion AAS.}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-45}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Abdennour, Cherif and Drif, Fethi and Boulakoud, Mohamed Salah and Ounissi, Mohame}, title = {Trace metals in the mussel Donax trunculus of Annaba estuaries, Algeria}, abstract ={Trace metal concentrations (Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn) in the mussel Donax trunculus and the sediments of Annaba estuaries, North-East Algeria were studied. D. trunculus is a widely consumed species by local population. Samples were collected from four sites located alongside Annaba coastline, and exposed to different types and degree of urban and industrial pollution. Results have indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn are higher in sites which are close to Annaba city. On the other hand, metal concentrations are almost similar between males and females, with only few exceptions. Generally, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn of sediment have followed the same trend as that of D. trunculus. This study suggests that the species and the sediment as well might be used for monitoring trace metal pollution in Annaba estuaries. It is also suggested that this species is not recommended for fishing and for human consumption in sites near Annaba city.}, Keywords = {Bivalve, Donax trunculus, estuaries, pollution, sediment, traces metals, Introduction}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {46-46}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Nooramin, Amir Saeed and SadjadiParsa, Jafar}, title = {Analysis of violations of safety requirements established by the international maritime regulations}, abstract ={Historically, marine accident has been an inseparable part of shipping. Majority of all recorded marine accidents are generally attributed to human error or associated with human error. Many individuals and organizations in the maritime field use risk management techniques to minimize the effect of human error. The main focus is to enhance safety and reduce human error through motivation, education and training, system design, rules and regulations. It has always been recognized that the best way of improving safety at sea is by developing international regulations that are followed by all shipping nations. Adopting proper regulations will definitely decrease human error and thus, maritime accidents. The main objective of this research was to analyze the violations of safety requirements adopted by international regulations, using the evidences from Iranian inspections. As such, the maritime safety issues are addressed and an outline of the safety regulations in the international seaborne trade is given. Also, the effects of international regulations on improving maritime safety in Iran, owner of one of the largest fleets, are evaluated through reviewing records of all maritime disasters, ships' deficiencies and their causes in Iranian territories since 2007 till 2009.}, Keywords = {Maritime Accident, Maritime Safety, Conventions, Human Error, Shipping}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-47}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Aminnejad, Babak and Sabbagh-Yazdi, Saeed-Reza and Saneie, Mojtab}, title = {Expermental investigations for the effects of single groin roundhead on erosion and sedimentation of sandy bed subject to long shore currents}, abstract ={The shallow parts of the coastal zone are usually affected by strong flow parallel to the coast lines. Thus, the bed morphology of these areas is subjected to permanent changes and engineering treatment is essential for controlling bed erosion and sedimentation. In this work, laboratory experiments are performed to investigate the effects of spur dikes end shape (which are located perpendicular to the shore line in shallow continental shelves) on formation of flow pattern and scouring due to strong parallel shore currents. To achieve this goal, the effects of single spur dike which covers about thirteen present of the continental shelf are studied. The three spur dike end shapes of rectangular, trapezoidal and semicircular are studied in present work. The measurements on velocity patterns and morphology changes of a sandy bed around the spur dike in a laboratory model are utilized to get general idea of spur dike end shape effects.}, Keywords = {Spur Dike End Shape, Morphology Changes, Continental Shelves, Sandy Bed, Parallel Shore Flow}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Jalili, Mahshid and Negarestan, Hossein and Safaeiyan, Shil}, title = {An investigation on macro benthic fauna of Southwestern of Anzali Lagoon and the relation of organic material to macro invertebrates}, abstract ={Macrobenthic assemblages of the Anzali lagoon were studied in order to investigate their population density, distribution and abundance. Anzali lagoon with an area of 200 km² is situated in the south-west of the Caspian Sea. Samples were obtained in 4 stations seasonally and taken with a 250 Cm² Van Veen grab in Anzali lagoon from spring 2006 to winter 2006 with 3 replicates. Environmental factors such as temperature, grain size, T.O.M, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were also studied. 36 taxa were identified to species or lowest taxonomic level. The most abundant recorded species were Chironomus, Scirtes tibiolis, Ambrysus mormon of insecta, and Tubifex of Oligochaeta, which present in samples through the study area. However Valvata cristata of Gastropoda was observed only in summer. According to the results, the Shannon-wiener index fluctuated between lowest up to 2.64. Abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates were maximum in spring and autumn. In spring it can be related to spawning and recruitment of the macrobenthos in Siah Keshim Wetland. In autumn however, greater amount of invertebrates in the environment can be as a result of reduction in water temperature which diminishes the feeding rate of predatory fishes. Summer and winter benthic invertebrates of Siah Kashim were lower in number and diversity. Most fishes of Anzali Lagoon are benthic feeders, so in summer when water temperature rises, they become more active in feeding macrobenthos. As a result their frequency and diversity reduces in summer. Winter in Siah Kashim coincides with death of many macrophytes, which provide space for aggregation of insect larvae as benthic animals. This may cause a reduction in benthos of Siah Kashim in winter.}, Keywords = {Anzali lagoon; Macrobenthos, Distribution; Abundance and Diversity}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Dadolahi-Sohrab, Ali and Arjomand, Farshi}, title = {Water quality index of Karoon River as indicator of Khorramshahr Soap Factory sewage effects}, abstract ={The Khorramshahr soap factory is the biggest and most advanced Iranian soap and glycerine factory with daily producing 100 tons soap-chips and 14 tons glycerine. The produced sewage of this factory is directly drained into the Karoon River through a channel. In this study, samples were collected from 4 stations including: 50 meter above, 50 and 500 meter lower and the sewage evacuation area during 10 months starting from October 2006 to July 2007 using Van Dorn sampler. The comparison of physic-chemical parameters of water and sewage with the standard values defined by Department of Environment, showed that the amount of COD, BOD and Chlorine (means 1300, 169.8 and 4042.9 ppm, respectively) in sewage is higher than the standard level. Based on water quality index, stations 1, 2, 3 and factory sewage with annual quality index of 54.63, 40.29, 45.71 and 24.32 were classified as moderate, bad and very bad, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in factors such as BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate and bicarbonate among the stations during the sampling period. The results also revealed factory sewage has affected the river water quality in spite of high water volume and sewage exit flow. These changes in the quality of river water indicate increase of many parameters in second station and decrease in third station which shows Karoon River high ability of self purification.}, Keywords = {Karoon River, Water Quality Index, Sewage, Soap Factory Khorranshahr}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {KarkhanehYousefi, Mahdiyeh and Filizadeh, Yousef and RajabiEslami, Homan and mashinchiyan, Ali and Aberumand, Parviz}, title = {Optimization of extracting agar of Persian Gulf’s Gracilaria corticata algae}, abstract ={Agar extraction for Gracilaria corticata by investigating the effects of various extraction variables such as soaking time, soaking temperature, seaweed to water ratio, extraction temperatures and extraction time and also Alkali treatment method. The results showed that agar yield was significantly affected by all the tested variables. The agar yield was maximized when extraction process was carried out with 1 h soaking time at 40° C with seaweed to water ratio of 1:100 and extracted for 1.5 h at 90° C. the result of alkali treatment showed that alkali treatments at 5% is the best concentration and 80 °C is the best alkali temperature for agar extracting. Also some of chemical and physical properties of agar such as gel strength and sulfate content were determinate. The result showed negative correlation between gel strength and sulfate content of Agar.}, Keywords = {Gracilaria corticata algae, agar extraction, gel strength, Persian Gulf}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ahmadian, Majid and Madani, shima and KhaliliAraghi, Mansour and Rahbar, Farh}, title = {Estimating the economic value of coral reefs of Iran, egarding their recreational usage and using a contingent valuation method, case study:Kish Island, Persian Gulf}, abstract ={This research will discuss an assessment of the Economic value of Kish Island's coral reefs regarding their recreational usage, and estimate a visitor’s willingness to pay (WTP) for recreational benefits obtained, based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC). For determination of visitor’s willingness to pay semi-nonparametric distribution-free (SNPDF) model was employed. The visitors contain scuba diving and glass ship for visiting coral reefs. Results indicate that 73% of visitors in scuba diving and 52% of visitors in glass sheep are willing to pay for recreational values of Kish Island's coral reefs. The mean value for willingness to pay for the recreational annual value of the coral reefs is 45460 Rls/ha and 1684 Rls/ha per visit for scuba diving and glass sheep respectively. The total recreational annual value was estimated at 144,840 US$/ha for the Kish Island. This provides enough justification for policy makers to maintain the quality of coral reefs habitat, and along with that to avoid the degradation of marine resources.}, Keywords = {Kish Island\'s coral reefs, Recreational value, Contingent valuation, Willingness to pay,SNPDF model}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-48}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abessi, Ozeair and Saeedi, Mohesn and HajizadehZaker, Naser}, title = {Prediction of flow regimes in surface discharge of negative buoyant effluents into non stagnated water}, abstract ={Surface discharge of dens jet as a common way for disposal of produced waste water in coastal areas is strongly influenced by the hydraulical and physical fissures of discharge stream and ambient water. In the current study, considering different mechanisms of flow in surface discharge of negative buoyant jets, dominated regimes are studied. Using Length Scale (L.S.) method and utilizing an experimental set up which are merely designed for this studies, different flow regimes were experimentally simulated and its behavior were investigated. As a result of this study, the observed criteria for free jet regime, shoreline attached jet regime and intruding upstream plume in the case of surface discharge of dens jets were précised and their ranges of diversity in the form of dimensionless diagram were developed. The axis’s of this diagram are a couple of dimensionless parameters that formed by the flow variables where each shows classification criteria in the boundaries of diagram. Finally, extracted criteria as a separator of these regimes were used to develop a tree-like classification scheme in surface discharge of dens jets. In this method, through identifying the range of flow variables in occurrences of each regime and sub regimes, coming prediction of flow characteristics by empirical equations will easily be possible.}, Keywords = {Marine outfalls, Waste water, Negative buoyancy, Inshore channels, surface discharge}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {49-60}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Oryan, Shahrbanoo and Tatina, Mostafa and Gharibkhani, Mahtab}, title = {The impact of oil pollution on the accumulation of heavy metals (Ni, Pb,Cd & V) in muscle tissue of Pampus argenteus from the northern part of the Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Surface discharge of dens jet as a common way for disposal of produced waste water in coastal areas is strongly influenced by the hydraulical and physical fissures of discharge stream and ambient water. In the current study, considering different mechanisms of flow in surface discharge of negative buoyant jets, dominated regimes are studied. Using Length Scale (L.S.) method and utilizing an experimental set up which are merely designed for this studies, different flow regimes were experimentally simulated and its behavior were investigated. As a result of this study, the observed criteria for free jet regime, shoreline attached jet regime and intruding upstream plume in the case of surface discharge of dens jets were précised and their ranges of diversity in the form of dimensionless diagram were developed. The axis’s of this diagram are a couple of dimensionless parameters that formed by the flow variables where each shows classification criteria in the boundaries of diagram. Finally, extracted criteria as a separator of these regimes were used to develop a tree-like classification scheme in surface discharge of dens jets. In this method, through identifying the range of flow variables in occurrences of each regime and sub regimes, coming prediction of flow characteristics by empirical equations will easily be possible.}, Keywords = {Pampus argenteus, crude oil, heavy metals, Persian Gulf, Iran}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {61-68}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2011} }