@article{ author = {Jalili, Mahshid and RezaiMarnani, Hami}, title = {An Investigation on Macrobenthic Fauna of Kish Coastal Waters}, abstract ={Macrobenthic assemblages of the Kish coastal waters were studied in order to investigate their abundance and distribution. Samples were obtained in triplicates in winter and autumn. Then, samples were taken with a 250 Cm² Van Veen grab. During winter, 251 taxa were identified in which the most abundant groups were Gastropods, Bivalves, Polychaetes, Crustaceans, Sipunculids, Scaphopods and Oligochaets. One species of Brachiopoda (Lingula lingula) among samples is considered as the first records in Kish Island. During autumn, 167 species of Gastropods, 78 species of Bivalves, 7 species of Crustaceans, 6 species of Echinoderms, 3 species of Scaphopods, 1 species of Ostracopods and 1 species of Polyplacophora were identified. Shannon-wiener diversity index fluctuated between 1.58 to 4.7. In winter, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in abundance but highly significant (p<0.001) among different stations in autumn. Also, t-test showed similar patterns with significant differences among benthos abundance.}, Keywords = {Macrobenthos, Coastal waters, Kish, Persian Gulf.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shakouri, Arash and Nabavi, Mohamad Bagher and Kochanian, Preeta and Savari, Ahmad and Safahiye, Alirez}, title = {Survey on Dispersion and Occurrence Pattern of Sea Cucumbers in the Eastern Part of Chabahar Bay (North of the Oman Sea)}, abstract ={This research has carried out on the eastern part of Chabahar Bay, the region with the highest human effects on the ecosystem. Four stations were selected. In each station, four quadrates with 200 m2 area sampled by SCUBA method. Investigations occurred in the middle month of each season. Dispersion of subtidal sea cucumbers was determined by index of dispersion test. Frequency of occurrence of species calculated. Stichopus variegatus and Holothuria leucospilota are permanent species with cumulative distribution. H. hilla is a common species with random distribution in winter and cumulative distribution in other seasons. H. pervicax is a rare species with cumulative distribution, although it is observed only in the spring. H. arenicola (rare sp.), H. atra (commomn sp.) and H. parva (rare sp.) have a random distribution. In spite of these results, the observation of sea cucumbers in their habitats indicates that distribution of such animals have a cumulative pattern. Difference between field observation and statistical calculations is due to the fact that all sea cumbers which according to calculations had random distribution, only observed in 1 or 2 quadrates in a few individuals (1 or 2) and should not be assigned as animals with random distribution. The most important reasons for cumulative distribution of sea cucumbers are aggregation of nutrients and used habitats that in the searching area were rocky.}, Keywords = {Sea cucumber, Dispersion pattern, Occurrence pattern, Chabahar Bay. }, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MahtabiOghani, Maryam and Danehkar, Afshin and Nikoubazlrad, Ensieh}, title = {The Effect of Light in the Hawksbill Baby Sea Turtles Routing}, abstract ={This study considers ecological effects of light pollution on the orientation of baby turtles eagle in Shibderaz habitat in the south of Qeshm island. In this study, two light treatments were studied and examined on the turtle’s orientation. Results show that in treatment of stable indirect vertical light and blinker direct horizontal light, the baby turtles, instead of going to the sea, were attracted to the artificial light in the blinker direct horizontal light 67% and stable indirect vertical light 69.25%. Nevertheless, T PAIR TEST showed that the attraction of baby turtles to the two light treatments has no significant difference (P value=0.719). So, it was said that in studied area, to avoid the distraction of baby turtles to the sea, the light source of passing vehicles and the basic lights overlooking the sea should be controlled and managed when the baby turtles are going out of their eggs.}, Keywords = {Hawksbill turtle, Qeshm Island, Light pollution, Ecological effect.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Arebi, Iman and Savari, Ahmad and Vazirizadeh, Amir}, title = {Ecological Study of Macrobenthic Communities of Intertidal Sediments in Delvar (Bushehr)}, abstract ={To study the ecological status of intertidal ecosystems in Delvar (Bushehr), sediment sampling of three tidal levels from six stations (including two intertidal mud-flats, two sandy and two boulder ecosystems) was carried out during three seasons of cold (winter 2009), temperate (spring 2009) and warm (summer 2009). Ecological indices of infaunal macrobentic assemblages including Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index, Pielou evenness index, Berger-Parker species dominance index and Margalef species richness along with the environmental variables were measured. Results revealed an insignificant seasonal difference (p<0.05) between environmental variables, especially salinity and temperature in most of stations. Macrobenthic abundance (the highest in Karri, 75±2.943 and the lowest in Delaram, 6±0.077 Ind.m-2) was significantly correlated (positive, p<0.01) with fine grain size percentage and TOM. Relatively, lower values of Shannon-Wiener diversity, Pielou evenness and Margalef species richness indices (0.055, 0.183 and 8.353 respectively) and also higher Berger-Parker dominance index (0.972) in Delaram during winter indicated the tough natural condition of this sandy ecosystem. Poorly ecological status in Rustami boulder ecosystems might be consequent of environmental impacts related to the fishing harbor. Although, the results of indices in the study area were not the indication of suitable environmental conditions, Haleh’ muddy and Karri boulder ecosystems had better ecological status compared with the other stations (Shannon-Wiener biodiversity 0.833 and 0.792, respectively and Berger-Parker species dominance index 0.133). Harbor also showed the similar ecological properties (e.g. environmental variables and indices) to Haleh. The former as a man made intertidal mudflat showed the possibility of the establishment of these ecosystems in the study area as an ecosystem based management approach. Investigating the results of this study, it is concluded that protection of introduced ecosystems seemed to be something inevitable.}, Keywords = {Intertidal ecosystems, Ecological indices, Macrofauna, Delvar, Persian Gulf.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Darabpour, Masumeh and Doustshenas, Babak and Nabavi, Mohamad Bagher and Safahiye, Alireza and Savari, Ahmad and Farhad, Masumeh}, title = {Comparison Ostracods Using the Multi Dimensional Scaling in Tidal and Subtidal Areas of Bahrakan (Persian Gulf)}, abstract ={Bahrakan is one of the four areas of major Persian Gulf oil reservoir and is of economic importance. Sediment particle size is an important factor in distribution of the benthic fauna. In the ecological study of this region’s Ostracods, 14 stations were determined in two transects parallel to the coast. Sampling was done by grab and corer 8.5 cm2 of 5 cm of surface sediments. Sediments with a 63 mm sieve were washed and stained with Rose Bengal. These organisms were isolated by flotation with the CCL4. The maximum density at 1 m depth in winter was 10495 in d/10 cm2 and lowest density in the summer was 3444 ind/10 cm2. In 1 min depth, diversity Brillou in index, Hill index and Simpson index were 2.03, 0.78 and 0.44, respectively. Fitness was calculated using MDS in total stations and in both seasons. The stress value was 0.01.}, Keywords = {Ostracoda, Index, Density, MDS, Grab.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Pourjomeh, Fatemeh and Bargahi, Hamid Reza and Shokri, Mohammad Reza and Amini, Nafiseh}, title = {Investigating on Fish Abundance and Species Diversity Around Bandar-e-Lengeh Artificial Reefs, Persian Gulf}, abstract ={To recover habitats with depleted fish stocks, artificial habitats in coastal waters of Hormozgan Province were constructed from 2005 to 2011. Four hundred and thirty artificial reefs (Reef ball) were set up in which 12 sites were selected for sampling. The differences of fish assemblages through seasons and the differences in abundance and taxonomic richness of fishes among seasons and years of sampling were tested using statistical analysis. Abundance and taxonomic richness of fishes were not significantly changed during different seasons and years (p>0.05). Similarly, abundance of fishes was not significantly changed through years of sampling. Yet taxonomic richness of fishes was significantly changed between 2010 and 2011 (p<0.05). This difference may have occurred due to the ecological succession. Due to the fact that succession is a gradual process involving colonization and extinction of species, it can be concluded that the communities around these reefs may need more time to establish completely.}, Keywords = {Artificial reefs, Fish assemblages, Ecological succession, the Persian Gulf.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {47-53}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Zahra and RiyahiBakhtiari, Alireza and Bagheri, Hossei}, title = {Feasibility of Applying Regression Modeling to Estimate the Weight of Soft Tissue of Bivalves Using Shell Dimensions}, abstract ={This study examined the feasibility of using shell dimensions (length and width) to estimate the wet and dry weight of bivolve’s soft tissue. For this study, three species of bivolve’s (Solen brevis, Saccostrea cucullata and Callista umbonella) were collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas near the Terminal and Tourist Park of Soro in 2012. The length, width, wet weight and dry weight of soft tissue were measured. Two-variable regression model and validation of calibration was taken with SPSS (version 17). Survey results showed that the models were produced at an acceptable level. The relative error was 11.93-36.69 in dry soft tissue and 35.57-7.99 in wet soft tissue. Changes in the relative of standard division were 14.107- 44.19 and 1072-38.14 in dry and wet soft tissue, respectively. The results of this study showed that in the model for estimating wet soft tissue S. brevis at the Terminal and Tourist Park of Soro stations, RE and RRMSE values were found to be 10.66 and 8.83, 3.96 and 3.46 percent for calibration phase, and 10.27 and 7.99, 13.81 and 10.17 percent for the validation phase, respectively. It can be attributed to lowest error rate and highest accuracy. For dry soft tissue C. umbonella, RE and RRMSE values were found 44.19 and 43.69 percent for calibration phase, and 40.02 and 36.69 for the validation phase, respectively, which showed highest error rate and lowest accuracy in both stations. Level of significance for both species was 99%. The results revealed that regression modeling method using of length and wide of shell can be used to calculate the wet and dry weight of soft tissue in addition to being simple, high speed, non destructive and high precision.}, Keywords = {Solen brevis, Saccostrea cucullata, Callista umbonella, Regression model, Shell dimensions, Soft tissue}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {55-62}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Gholamalifard, Mehdi and JoorabianShooshtari, Sharif and HosseiniKahnouj, Hamzeh and Baly, Ali and Delshab, Hosein and Moein, Hosei}, title = {Application of Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) for Monitoring of Land Cover Changes in Coastal Areas of Bushehr Province (Time Period 1987-2011)}, abstract ={This study is trying to detect land cover changes in coastal areas of Bushehr province using cross classification and tabulation analysis. Land cover changes detection have done using Landsat satellite images belonging to the years 1987, 2001, 2006, and 2011. Results showed significant changes in the study area in the last 23 years by converting the 20807 ha of open spaces and 3724 ha of farm lands to residential lands. Also, 67890 ha from farmlands are converted to open space and other covers are changed too. The result of Kappa Index Agreement (KIA) analysis showed that most and least amounts of changes have been occurred in 2006-2010 (KIA: 0.9212) and 1988-2001 (KIA: 0.9506), respectively. Therefore, the results of this research shows unbalanced land cover changes in coastal areas of Bushehr province. The farmlands decline for increasing the residential development and loosing farm land are most important examples of changes. Therefore, with the current trend of degradation, environmental and social problems will threat the future situation of coastal areas of Bushehr province.}, Keywords = {Change Detection, Land Cover, Remote Sensing, Kappa Index of Agreement, Coastal areas of Bushehr Province.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {63-75}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Sadjadiparsa, Jafar and Zarei, Sedigheh}, title = {Identifying the Factors of Iranian Failing in Attracting Shipping Companies Towards Ship Supplying Services}, abstract ={Nowadays, ship supplying is one of the most important activities in maritime transportation. These kinds of port services not only led to promotion of port economic performance but also created the port attractiveness to retain their existing customers and attract new customers and influenced port competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors which led to the failing of Iranian port in attracting shipping companies for the supplying services. To achieve this purpose, researchers have tried to find the factors affecting the choice and selection of suppliers by shipping companies. A survey was conducted among Iranian ocean-going shipping companies in the southern ports. Data were collected via questionnaires using five point likert scales technique. 37 port factors were selected from the previous researches and field interviews which were categorized into two groups. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses have been utilized. The findings revealed that quality level of supplying company's services and customs processes play the most important role in the failure of Iranian ports to attract ships for supplying services. In this regard, Iranian port authorities have to consider this mater in their decision making processes and strategy settings.}, Keywords = {Ship chandlers, Port selection, Port customers, Ship provision.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {77-85}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Madani, Shim}, title = {Estimating the Contribution of Ocean Economy in the National Economy of Iran}, abstract ={The importance of the contribution of ocean economy in national economy has measured by some countries in last thirty years. The economic measurements are necessities for understanding the role of oceans and coasts in social and economic life. Iran with 5800 km coastline along the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (include islands) has ranked as 40th country in the world. According to this opportunity, improving the coastal areas development is one of the main goals for decision makers. The ocean economy in Iran is included all ocean dependent activities in coastal provinces. The main problem for doing this was the lack of data for ocean economic and marine activities as a whole. So with the most relevant data which are reported by government agents, this share is calculated. The results show that contribution of ocean economy in national economy is about 2.07 percent and about 1.16 percent if offshore oil and gas not included. Less than one percent of employment is defined in coastal economies. According to the length of Iran’s coastline, this contribution could be more than this and it needs a plan for coastal development.}, Keywords = {Ocean economy, Coastal economy, Gross national product, Coastal provinces, Iran.}, volume = {3}, Number = {12}, pages = {87-95}, publisher = {Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science}, url = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.html}, eprint = {http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Oceanography}, issn = {1562-1057}, eissn = {2476-6755}, year = {2013} }