per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
1
9
article
Effect of Initial Stocking Density and Diet Type on Growth Indices and Survival Rate of the Caspain Kutum (Rutilus kutum) Larvae
Fatemeh Hassantabar
1
Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni
2
Hossein Ouraji
3
Sedigheh Babaei
4
Firuzeh Hosseini
5
Effect of two initial larval stocking densities (40 and 80 larvae per liter) and two diets (concentrated diet and live food) were evaluated on growth performance indices and larval survival in the first-feeding larvae of the Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) in the experimental conditions for four weeks. Results showed that the highest weight gain (mean final weight 56 ± 2 mg) was recorded in larvae fed with concentrated diet at low density (P<0.05). The lowest mortality rates were observed in the group fed live food so that, it varied in a range between 85-91%. However, the specific growth rate in both groups at low and high densities was lower values compared with concentrated diet (P<0.05). The results can be expressed that the first feeding larvae can be cultured with concentrated diet in low larval density (40 per lit). Regarding the importance of survival rate compared to growth rate in kutum larvae, using live food (in the first two weeks) and then concentrated diet (in the next two weeks) for larviculture of kutum are proposed.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-711-en.pdf
Kutum
Stocking density
Live feed
Artificial food
Growth
Survival
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
11
17
article
Myctophids: Great Fatty Acids Resources from Gulf of Oman
Amir Houshang Bahri
1
majid afkhami
m_afkhami82@yahoo.com
2
Maryam Ehsanpour
3
Amin Mokhlesi
4
This study was carried out to extract total lipid of Benthosema pterotum and Sardinella sindensis caught from northern coast of the Gulf of Oman (Iran). Fatty acid composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography. The results showed both species to be rich in palmitic acid (C16:0) and cis-oleic acid (C18:1n9c) of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), respectively. However, the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the two species were DHA and EPA, respectively. The results of this study showed the high content of fatty acids, specially (ω-3) series in Benthosema pterotum and Sardinella sindensis. Their PUFA profiles are complementary and maybe appropriate for the pharmaceutical and food processing industries to harness this resource and generate specialized drugs or PUFA-enriched food products
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-712-en.pdf
Fatty acid
Benthosema pterotum
Sardinella sindensis
Gulf of Oman
Iran.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
19
26
article
Assessment of Mercury Accumulation in Surficial Sediments of Musa Estuary (Khuzestan Province, Persian Gulf)
Sedigheh Babadi
sbabadi65@hotmail.com
1
Ali Reza Safahieh
2
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
3
Kamal Ghanemi
4
Mohammad Taghi Rounagh
5
This study was done to determine the mercury concentration in the surficial sediments from the Musa Estuary. 5 creeks including Zangi, Jafari, Petroshimi, Ghazaleh and Majidieh were selected and a total number of 9 sediment samples were collected from each creak. Sampling was performed in November 2009. Mercury concentrations were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer, after digesting of the samples. The mercury concentrations in the sediments ranged from 0.31 to 0.69 µg/g. The highest Hg contents were found in the Petroshimi estuary followed by Majidieh estaury, probably due to the effluent inputs from Bandar Imam Chloralkali petrochemical plant, oil spills and Navigation and shipping related activities. Regarding the contamination factor at regional level, the studied estauries are classified as a considerably polluted area, but at global scale, contamination factor shows low to moderate degree of pollution in them.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-713-en.pdf
Sediment
Mercury
Pollution
Musa Estuary
Persian Gulf
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
27
36
article
The Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Sisangan Coasts-The Southern Coast of Caspian Sea
Hosein Bagheri
hosseinbagheri@inio.ac.ir
1
Ali Azimi
2
In this study, concentrations of some heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surficial sediments from Sisangan coasts located in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were studied. Therefore, 12 stations in Sisangan coasts were selected and surface sediments were sampled from 3 points at each station using van veen grab at January 2013. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn were measured by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Hg levels were measured using Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectropotometry. Meanwhile, V and As Concentrations were determined by Graphite Furnace. According to the results, Vanadium had the highest concentration (141.47 μg/g dry weight) and Mercury had the lowest concentration (4 ng/g dry weight) among the studied metals. Mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd and As were 27.54, 16.18, 80.31, 1.23 and 0.019 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The assessment of biological effects of heavy metal pollution in the area was done, using American and Canadian national guidelines. The results indicated levels of Cd and Ni in surface sediments were higher than the Lowest Effect Level (NOAA Guideline) and Threshold effect level (Canadian Guideline). Whereas Concentrations of other metals were lower than mentioned limits.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.pdf
Pollution
Heavy metals
Surficial Sediments
Sisangan Coasts
Caspian Sea.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
37
48
article
The Evolution of International Legal Regime for the Protection of Marine Environment against Land-Based Pollutants from Montego Bay to Cartagena
S. Ghasem Zamani
1
Mehrdad Mohamadi
mehrdad.university@gmail.com
2
S. Ali Hosseiniazad
3
There are broad and diverse sources for marine pollution. In addition to oil pollution, atmospheric pollution, ship traffic and exploration activities on the sea floor, there are other pollution sources. Although, originating from the land, they are among the most important sources of marine pollution. Waste discharge and disposal of such waste in the sea, creating artificial islands, entering brackish water from desalination devices and ... are examples of these sources. Despite the article 207 of the UNCLOS convention regarding the land-based pollution and due to an increasing extent and intensity of these emissions, dealing with this issue became a concern for the international community. In fact, general predictions of the UNCLOS were unable to cope with the diversity of the problem, and the rules of general international law were not effective enough. In view of the shortcomings discussed, and with regard to the insistence of international instruments, including the aforementioned Convention on the regional cooperation, we have faced a proliferation of instruments at the regional level, most of which have specifically dealt with the land-based pollution, so that the international environmental law of the seas has experienced a fundamental evolution. This paper aims at reviewing the existing mechanisms in this field, measuring their effectiveness, identifying their possible defects, and providing recommendations on how best to legally protect the marine environment.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf
1982 Convention on the Law of the Seas
Marine environment
International law of the seas
International environmental law
Regional instruments
Land-based sources of pollution.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
49
57
article
Determining the Relationship Pattern of Container Trade and Economic Growth of Iran
Damoon Razmjooei
razmjooei@kmsu.ac.ir
1
Etesam Hamoudi
2
Ports play an influential and determining role in the world trade, such that, about ninety five percent of import and eighty five percent of export are approximately carried through the ports. Identification of variables and effective factors on container trade growth as well as relationship condition between these variables could result in forecasting strategies and activities pertaining to development of this trade.
The prominent issue for container terminals is performing the activities in a way that economic and social goals are satisfied and put the port into its best beneficial condition. Foundation of this research is determining a relationship between container trade growth and trade development of Iran. In the first part of this reaearch, a reviwe of liturature about world container trade growth and GDP is provided. Then in the second part, analysis and examination of two variables, Gross domestic product (GDP) as one of the main scales of economic growth and rate of container handling in Iran are clarified through calculation of correlation coefficient and Regression Analysis. The results of this paper indicated that the relationship between gross domestic product and loading and unloading of containers is positive and direct correlation type.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf
Iran’s Continer Trade
GDP
Correlaion rate
World trade.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
59
69
article
Prioritizing Major Iranian Sothern Ports Infrastructure Attributes Using Grey Relational Analysis Model
Hassan Jafari
hassanport53@yahoo.com
1
Homayon Yousefi
2
This study was conducted to survey the status of major southern ports of Iran (Khorramshahr, Abadan, Imam Khomeini, Boshehr, Shahid Rajaee, Shahid Bahonar, and Shahid Kalantari ports) regarding the infrastructure for knowledge management implementation. It was constructed into two phases. In the first phase, analyzing the abtained data from the research questioner and using One Sample T Test, the status of studied ports regarding the required infrastructure for knowledge management implementation (information technology, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resources and management change) was investigated, and the research hypotheses were tested. The obtained results from the first phase indicated that the surveyed ports are not well arranged for the required infrastructure for knowledge management implementation. In second phase, by using grey relational analysis each port is ranked based on those five criteria. Finally, according to grey relational coefficient for surveyed ports, among them, Shahid Rajaee has obtained the highest score and consequently Imam Khomeini, Khorramshahr, Boshehr, Shahid Kalantari, Shahid Bahonar and Abadan ports were ranked subsequently.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.pdf
Prioritizing
Infrastructure Attributes
Shannon Entropy
Ports
Grey relational analysis.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
71
79
article
Calculation of Heat Budget in Chabahar and Pozm Bays
Abbas Einali
abbaseinaly@yahoo.com
1
Vahid Chegini
2
Heat budget is one of the most important issues in sea and ocean researches. Heat budget in the sea involves four components: solar radiation, long wave radiation, direct heat transfer between air and water and heat transfer through evaporation. Meteorological parameters and sea surface temperature are the most effective factors on the Heat budget in sea. In this study, meteorological and sea surface temperature data were used for investigating the heat budget of Chabahar and Pozm bays that have economical impotence in southeast of Iran. Results of this study showed that the annual average of isolation, flux of net long wave radiation, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux in Pozm bay were 231.02, -62.48,- 77.74 , -6.62 W.m-2, respectively and in Chabahar bay were 234, -56.16, -62.43 and -4.98 W.m-2, respectively. In both bays, isolation and sensible heat flux have the highest and the lowest portion in the heat budget, respectively. Annual Average of net heat flux in Pozm and Chabahar bays were calculated +84.17 and +111.07 W.m-2, respectively. So, in this period, (84.17 and 111.07 W.m-2) energy flux flow out by exchanging water of Pozm and Chabahar bays with Gulf of Oman.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-718-en.pdf
Isolation
Net long wave radiation
Latent heat flux
Sensible heat flux.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
81
87
article
Effect of Environmental Parameters on Economically Important Copepods in Chabahar Bay in 2007
Neda Fazeli
neda_fazeli200@yahoo.com
1
Hamid Rezai
2
Ahmad Savari
3
Rasool Zare
4
Maryam Shahraki
5
This research was conducted the effect of environmental parameters on copepods which are edible food for fish larvae in Chabahar Bay. This research was carried out in 4 seasons, summer 2007, fall 2007, winter 2007 and spring 2008. Copepods were collected at 5 stations via a 100µ mesh by vertical plankton tows. 7 of copepods genera were identified as the most economically important genera due to valuable food. Data showed that environmental parameters have an important effect on the abundance of copepods in which some genera increased or decreased during the year. Abundance of Pseudodiaptomus, Temora and Centropages showed negative correlation with temperature but positive correlation with oxygen dissolved. It may explain why these genera had the highest abundance in winter. Positive relationship between abundance of Oithona and chlorophyll-a showed this genus increases with the increase of phytoplankton. There was no significant relationship between abundance of other genera and environmental parameters
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.pdf
Copepods
Abundance
Environmental parameters
Chabahar Bay.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
89
96
article
Cytotoxic Assessment of Extracted Fractions of Sea Cucumber Holothuria parva on Cancer Cell Line (MCF7) and Normal Cells
Zahra Ehsanpour
1
Bita Archangi
bita.archangi@gmail.com
2
Mona Salimi
3
Mohammad Ali Salari
4
Hosein Zolgharnein
5
Sea cucumbers belong to Echinodermata phylum and Holothuroidea class that include a wide range of marine animals with approximately 1400 species worldwide. So far, the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer effects from sea cucumbers has been reported in many research publications. In this research, cytotoxic effects of Holothuria parva extracts and fractions of solvents with different polarity (such as Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, ddH2O) were studied using cancerous cell line MCF-7 (Breast cancer). Cytotoxicity effects of separated fractions in three independent times (24, 48, 72 Hour) and IC50 values (in range of 0.5-0.00001mg/mL) were evaluated. The best effect between fractions belonged to aqueous fraction and on the MCF-7 cell line in the 72 hour. Therefore, after purification, bioactive compounds derived from this species could be used as a drug candidate for producing anticancer agents.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.pdf
Sea cucumber
Holothuria parva
Cytotoxicity detection
Cell Line
Persian Gulf
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
97
105
article
Changes in Dietary and Muscle Fatty Acids Composition in Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt 1869) Fed with Different Levels of Lecithin
Esmaeel Najafipour Moghadam
1
Bahram Falahatkar
falahatkar@guilan.ac.ir
2
Mohamadreza Kalbassi Masjed Shahi
3
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of lecithin on fatty acid compositions of diets and muscle of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) juveniles. Fish with initial average weight of 32.9 ± 0.3 g were fed 5 times daily with five isoenergetic and isoprotein diets (each with triplicate groups) with different lecithin levels includes 0, 2.5, 7.5 and 10% for 8 weeks. This study showed that using 10% of dietary lecithin significantly increase some fatty acids e.g. C14:0, DHA, EPA, SFA and HUFA (P0.05). Linoleic acid (C18:2n6), showed an increase in fish fed diet containing 2.5% lecithin, but the amount of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) did not show any differences among the treatments (P>0.05). The results of this study showed positive effect in fatty acids composition of Siberian sturgeon juveniles with supplementation of lecithin in diet. It is recommended to use lecithin more than 2.5% in Siberian sturgeon juvenile diet in this weight range to increase unsaturated fatty acids
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.pdf
Lecithin
Growth
Fatty acids
Siberian sturgeon.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
107
115
article
Impact of Salinity, Ammonium and Cytokinin on Biomass and Agar Content of Red Alga Gracilaria corticata
Farnaz Rafiee
f_rafiei@yahoo.com
1
Parisa Nejatkhah Manavi
2
Nasrin Salman Zadeh
3
Effect of salinity, ammonium and cytokinin on biomass and the content of agar in Gracilaria corticata algae were evaluated in a period of 42 days under laboratory condition. The alga G. corticata was sampled from coasts of Bostaneh port in Hormozgan province in June 2009. The algae were raised in aquariums 40.30.60 cm with 20 liter capacity, by suspension method in 3 replicates under light intensity of 3300 lux and 25oC temperature condition. The algae were cultured under salinities 25, 35 and 45 PPT, ammonium concentrations (0.00, 0.001 and 0.002 gram per liter) and cytokinin (0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 mol). The algae were harvested once a week and weighted. At 6 weeks of experiments, the algae were collected, dried and weighed. The highest biomass of G. corticata was at 25 PSU (4.58 grams), 0.01 mol cytokinin (14.88 gr) and 0.002 mol ammonium (26.34 gr). Maximum level of agar was observed in ammonium concentration of 0.002 equal to 32.56 percent. The results of this work showed that G. corticata is one of the commercial algae in the world and this alga needs to be cultured near estuaries with high amount of ammonium.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.pdf
Gracilaria corticata
Cytokinin
Salinity
Ammonium
Agar
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Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
117
126
article
Changes in Plasma Level of Steroid Hormones (Estradiol 17β, 17α20β Hydroxy Progesteron and Cortisol) and Electrolytes, During Different Stages of Reproductive Cycle in Rutilus rutilus caspicus from Bandar Torkaman (South of Caspian Sea)
Maryam Akhoundian
m.akhoundian@umz.ac.ir
1
Ahmad Savari
2
Negin Salamat
3
Abdolali Movahedinia
4
Mohammad Ali Salari
5
The present study aimed to evaluate the changes of estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α20β- hydroxy progesterone (17OHP), cortisol and some electrolytes (Ca2+, K+ and Na+) in the plasma of female R. rutilus caspicus during annual reproductive cycle. Plasma level of steroids was measured using RIA, cortisol using ELIZA and electrolytes using flamephotometry technic. The highest plasma level of E2 (147.16±9.01 ng/ml) was measured at the end of vitellogenesis stage of oocytes. On the contrary, maximum plasma level of 17OHP (4.71±0.64 ng/ml) and cortisol (12.67±2.25 ng/ml) was observed in early April just before spawning time. The maximum concentration of Ca2+ was observed during the vitellogenesis stage of oocytes and then decreased when vitellogenesis progressed. The highest level of K+ decreased sharply in maturation stage of oocytes (P>0.05). The results of the present study revealed that changes in plasma levels of steroids and electrolytes were closely correlated to ovarian development during reproductive cycle.
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.pdf
Rutilus rutilus caspicus
Reproduction cycle
Sexual hormones
Cortisol
Electrolytes
Caspian Sea.
per
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
Journal of Oceanography
1562-1057
2476-6755
2015-04
6
21
127
136
article
Study of Distribution and Morphological Characters of Alpheus glaber and Alpheus estuarensis Larva Species (Caridea: Alpheidae) in the Mouth of Bahmanshir and Arvand Rivers, (North Persian Gulf)
Hosein Akbarian
1
Nasrin Sakhaei
nsakhaee@yahoo.com
2
Ahmad Savari
3
Babak Doustshenas
4
The study describes the temporal and spatial distribution of larval stages of two species of Alpheidae from the Bahmanshir and Arvand estuaries in north of the Persian Gulf. Planktonic larvae were collected using 0.45 m diameter plankton net with 300μm mesh size monthly horizontal towing from February 2011 to October 2012. The larval stages illustrated and described in detail for Alpheus glaber and Alpheus estuarensis. The species of larval density was calculated at different stations and months. The most abundant species A. glaber with 110.1 Ind larvae /m3 in May and A. estuarensis 93.1 Ind larvae /m3 were calculated in June. Two new species of Alpheus larvae were first reports of the Iranian coastal water. Also, positive relationship between temperature and salinity with frequency of A. glaber and A. estuarensis were found significantly using spearman correlation coefficients (P< 0.05).
http://joc.inio.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.pdf
Zoea
Caridea shrimp
Zooplankton
Alpheidae
Persian Gulf.