fa بررسی زیست شناسی مقایسه ای و قابلیت های تولیدمثلی دوجورپای دریای خزر (Pontogammarus maeoticus) در آب دریا و سازش یافته به آب شیرین زيست­ شناسی دريا Marine Biology كاربردی Applied Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="46FE11CEA5D54215B47E528AABC4EF00" id="-1910771943"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">پیشینه و اهداف:</span></span></w:sdt></span></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آمفی&shy;پود دریای خزر زنده&shy;زا و بسیار سازش پذیر در نگهداری بوده و برای تکثیر و پرورش در محیط&shy;های مختلف بخصوص آب شیرین مناسب است. در پژوهش حاضر، نمونه&shy;های آمفی&shy;پود دریای خزر (</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Pontogammarus maeoticu</span></span></i><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">s</span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) پس از جمع آوری از ناحیه سواحل دریای خزر (بندر کیاشهر) به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند و طی 14 روز به محیط آزمایشگاهی و آب شیرین سازش یافتند با مطالعه رفتار جانور نمونه&shy;های نر و ماده مشخص شدند. این جانور از زمان تولد تا آمادگی تولید مثلی در سه نسل بطور جداگانه در آب لب شور (12 </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">ppt</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و شیرین تیمار بندی و مطالعه شد. در طول آزمایش دمای (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">ᵒC</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 1</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">25)، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">pH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 8/7، دوره نور دهی طبق الگوی طبیعی روزانه (10/14 روشنایی/ تاریکی) و غذادهی 1 بار در روز بود. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="46FE11CEA5D54215B47E528AABC4EF00" id="-43291168"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">روش‌ها‌:</span></span></w:sdt></span></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده&shy;ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Spss 26</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و جهت رسم نمودارها از نرم افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Excel 2016</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> استفاده گردید. ابتدا نرمال بودن داده&shy;ها با استفاده از آزمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Kolmogorov-Smironov</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در صورت نرمال بودن داده&shy;ها از آزمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">ANOVA</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و جهت مقایسه میانگین&shy;ها از آزمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Tukey</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Duncan</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> استفاده شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="46FE11CEA5D54215B47E528AABC4EF00" id="-2054305338"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">یافته‌ها:</span></span></w:sdt></span></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آمادگی برای تولید مثل و جفتگیری در آب شیرین زمان بیشتری نیاز دارد و تعداد فرزندان کمتر است. بنظر می&shy;رسد عامل موثر در تفاوت تولید مثلی املاح آب و نوع تغذیه باشد. در پژوهش حاضر امکان تکثیر و نگهداری گاماروس دریای خزر در آب شیرین امکان پذیر بوده و توصیه می&shy;شود. &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="46FE11CEA5D54215B47E528AABC4EF00" id="417220428"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></w:sdt></span></span></span></span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تولید انبوه پونتوگاماروس در آب شیرین در مقیاس فنی قابل اجراست.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="18E1875F679048D186C10AC32563EA78" id="1334564118">Background and Objectives:</w:sdt></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Caspian Amphipod is vivacious and very flexible in maintenance and is suitable for reproduction and breeding in different environments, especially fresh water. In the present study, samples (<i>Pontogammarus</i> <i>maeoticus</i>) were collected from the Caspian Sea coast (Kiashahr port), then transferred to the laboratory and adapted to the laboratory environment and fresh water in 14 days. male and female samples were identified by studying the animal&#39;s behavior.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">They were treated and studied separately, from birth to </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">p</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">reparation for reproduction in three generations, in brackish (12 ppt) and fresh water. During the experiment, temperature was constant (25&plusmn;1ᵒC), pH was 7.8 and the lighting period was according to the </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">d</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">aily natural pattern (14/10 light/dark) and feeding was once a day. </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="18E1875F679048D186C10AC32563EA78" id="86888520">Methods:</w:sdt></span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and Excel 2016 software. </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">The data normality was evaluated by </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Kolmogorov&ndash;Smirnov test</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">. ANOVA test, Tukey&rsquo;s test was also used to compare results.</span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="18E1875F679048D186C10AC32563EA78" id="-794132767">Findings:</w:sdt></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Reproduction was successful in both environments, but copulation time, oocytes and brood production were different. Preparation for reproduction and copulation takes longer and the number of broods are less compared in freshwater to brackish water. It seems the effective factors in the reproduction difference depended water solutes and type of nutrition. In the present study, the possibility of propagation and maintenance of Caspian Sea <i>Pontogammarus</i> is possible and recommended in fresh water.&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:#2e74b5"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:white"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" docpart="18E1875F679048D186C10AC32563EA78" id="-563871280">Conclusion:</w:sdt></span></span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">Mass production of <i>Pontogamarus</i> is feasible on a technical scale </span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">in fresh water</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span></div> تکثیروپرورش, تولید انبوه, سه نسل, آمفی پود Reproduction, Mass production, Three generations, Amphipod 123 138 http://joc.inio.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1705-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamideh Tahmasebi Malekrodi حمیده طهماسبی Hamideh.tahmasebi26@gmail.com 100319475328460014849 100319475328460014849 No Guilan University دانشگاه گیلان Nader Shabanipour نادر شعبانی پور nshabanipour@yahoo.com 100319475328460014850 100319475328460014850 Yes Guilan University دانشگاه گیلان