fa ترکیب گونه ای، تنوع و پراکنش جوامع زئوپلانکتون‌های ژلاتینی (Cnidaria, Cetenophora و Thaliacea ) در آبهای ساحلی و مصبی شمال بوشهر– خلیج فارس زيست­ شناسی دريا Marine Biology پژوهشي Research/ Original/ Regular Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><strong>پیشینه و اهداف </strong>:ژئوپلانکتون‌های ژلاتینی زئوپلانکتون‌هایی ناشناخته، اسرارآمیز و دارای پراکنش وسیعی بوده؛ به عنوان اجزاء کلیدی اکوسیستم‌های اقیانوسی شناخته می‌شوند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در دو دهه </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گذشته در پاره‌ای از نقاط دنیا وقوع شکوفایی تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف از جمله فعالیت های انسانی، تشدید فرآیند یوتروفی، تغییرات آب وهوایی و افزایش روزافزون فعالیت های صید و صیادی مشاهده شده است، اما پاره‌ای دیگر از مطالعات به بلوم های شدید و غیر معمول دست نیافتند.&nbsp; درحال حاضر اطلاعاتی درزمینه</span></span><span lang="FA"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ٔ</span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> ساختار جمعیت و عوامل اثرگذار بر الگوی پراکنش زئوپلانکتون‌های ژلاتینی در آبهای دریایی ایران وجود ندارد، لذا در این تحقیق، شناسایی، پراکنش مکانی و الگوی توالی زمانی گروه های مختلف آنها (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cnidaria, Cetenophora, Thaliacea</span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) ، در آبهای سطحی و ساحلی شمال بوشهر مد نظر قرار گرفت.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20"><strong>روش ها :</strong>&nbsp;در این تحقیق</span></span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20">فون زئوپلانکتون های ژلاتینی آبهای ساحلی و مصبی شمال بوشهر در بازه زمانی تابستان 96 تا بهار 97</span></span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20">مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. همچنین در هر نمونه‌برداری عمق آب محل نمونه‌برداری، عمق شفافیت، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#231f20">pH</span></span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20"> ، و شوری اندازه گیری شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20"><strong>یافته ها:</strong>&nbsp;در مجموع 5</span></span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20">گونه</span></span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> زئوپلانکتون ژلاتینی</span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20"> شامل سه گونه هیدرومدوز &nbsp;</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#231f20">&nbsp;Eutima gegenbaueri</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، &nbsp;</span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#231f20">E</span></span></span></i><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#231f20">irene viridula</span></span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20">و<i> </i></span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#231f20">Clytia discoida</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><i>&nbsp;</i><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#231f20">یک گونه سالپ </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Diphyes chamissonis </span></span></i><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;و یک گونه شانه دار </span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pleurobrachia pileus</span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شناسایی و برای اولین بار از خلیج فارس گزارش گردید<i>. </i>همچنین تراکم<i> </i></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pleurobrachia pileus</span></span></i><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در زمان شکوفایی(پایان شهریور)&nbsp; به 3411 عدد در متر مکعب رسید و به عنوان گونه غالب<span style="color:#231f20"> زئوپلانکتون های ژلاتینی در منطقه معرفی شد.</span><i> </i></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong>&nbsp;بر اساس نتایج </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمون چند متغیره </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MDS </span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;مبتنی بر پارامترهای فیزیکی دمای آب، میزان اکسیژن، شوری، عمق شفافیت، عمق ایستگاه نمونه‌برداری و کلروفیل آ</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> ، </span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یک </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">viridula</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Diphyes chamissonis</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> شاخص ایستگاه دریا و گونه </span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pleurobrachia pileus</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> عامل تمایز و&nbsp; شاخص خور مصب شیف تعیین گردید. و در نهایت بر اساس آزمون </span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SIMPER</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> از مجموعه آنالیزهای </span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">BEST</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span><span dir="LTR"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">BIOENV</span></span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> مشخص گردید که پارامترهای عمق محل نمونه‌برداری، شوری و دما ، مهمترین پارامترهای مؤثر بر پراکنش کلیه گونه ها در منطقه بوده است.&nbsp; </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span dir="LTR"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Background and Objectives:</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">&nbsp;Gelatinous zooplanktons are unknown, mysterious and widely distributed; they are known as key components of ocean ecosystems. In the past two decades, blooms have been observed in some parts of the world under the influence of various factors, including human activities, intensification of the eutrophication, climate changes, and increasing fishing activities, but some other studies did not achieve to severe and unusual blooms. Currently, there is no information about community structure and factors affecting the distribution pattern of gelatinous zooplankton in Iranian marine water bodies, therefore, in this research, the identification, spatial distribution and temporal succession of their different groups (Cnidaria, Cetenophora, Thaliacea) from northern surface-coastal waters of Bushehr were surveyed.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Methods:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">&nbsp;In this survey, gelatinous zooplankton fauna from the northern coastal/estuarine waters of Bushehr were analyzed during summer of 2017 to spring 2018. Also, in each sampling, the water depth of the sampling site, Secchi depth, pH, and salinity were measured.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Findings:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="color:#231f20">5 species of gelatinous zooplankton including three species from hydromedusae <i>Eutima gegenbaueri</i>, <i>Eirene viridula</i> and <i>Clytia discoida</i>, one species of salp <i>Diphyes chamissonis</i> and one combed species <i>Pleurobrachia pileus</i> were identified and reported for the first time from the Persian Gulf. Also, the density of <i>Pleurobrachia pileus</i> reached 3411 ind.m^-3 at its blooming (end of September) and was introduced as the dominant species of gelatinous zooplankton in the region.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="color:#231f20">Based on results of the Multivariate MDS analysis on physical parameters comprising water temperature, dissolved Oxygen, salinity, Secchi depth, depth of sampling stations and Chla, a t</span>wice-yearly passage/seasons (two-season time differentiation pattern)&nbsp; was detected in the region and based on PCO test, only Frake creek-estuary was differentiated from other studied stations. The results of CAP test on Gelatinous Zooplankton assemblages of the coastal and estuarine waters of Bushehr, two stations of Shif Creek- estuary&nbsp; and Sea station, showed a different and discriminated dispersion pattern, <i><span style="color:#231f20">Eutima gegenbaueri, Elrene viridula</span></i> and <i>Diphyes chamissonis</i> &nbsp;were determined as indicator species of Sea waters/station, and <i>Pleurobrachia pileus</i> &nbsp;were identified as indicator/ discriminating species of Shif Creek- estuary.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="line-height:115%">&nbsp;Finally, the results of SIMPER from BEST/BIOENV analysis proved that the dispersion of all identified species were affected by the depth of sampling station, salinity and temperature as the most important factors.</span></span></span></span></div> مزوزئوپلانکتون های ژله ای, سالپ, شانه دار, هیدرومدوز, بوشهر, خلیج فارس. gelatinous mesozooplankton, Salpa, Ctenophora, Hydromedusa, Bushehr, Persian Gulf. 1 12 http://joc.inio.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1644-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Rezvan Mousavi Nadushan رضوان موسوی ندوشن mousavi.nadushan@gmail.com 100319475328460014091 100319475328460014091 Yes Monir Ghiyasabadi منیر غیاث آبادی monir.ghiass84@yahoo.com 100319475328460014092 100319475328460014092 No دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیلات. ، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران